新东方新概念英语第四册课文讲解32-3

1.But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.

in contrast相比之下

例句：It was cold yesterday, but in contrast it's very hot today.

昨天天气寒冷, 而相比之下今天却很热。

2.He was, above all, a man who experimented: who despised the prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians, who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly.

above all首要的是; 尤其

例句：He was above all a good and tireless writer.

他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。

draw conclusions下结论

例句：He helped them draw conclusions from their experiences. 

他帮他们从经历的事情中得出结论[总结经验]。

3.His telescopic observations are justly immortal; they aroused great interest at the time, they had important theoretical consequences, and they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus.

rise，raise，arise，arouse

“rise” 是不及物动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risen，其基本词义“上升，上涨”。

● The sun rises in the east.

● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物规则动词，“举起，提高”。

● He raised his voice to make himself heard.

● The boy can raise the heavy stone.

“arise”，是不及物动词，过去式为arose，过去分词arisen，其语义为“出现，发生” 。

● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.

“arouse”是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为aroused，其语义为“唤醒，引起”

arouse somebody from sleep 把某人唤醒

arouse suspicion

引起怀疑

4. But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one's instrument?

call for需要

例句：More work doesn't necessarily call for more men.

增加工作不一定要增加人员。

要求

例句：The letter calls for an investigation of the facts.

来信要求对这些事实进行调查。