新东方新概念英语第四册课文讲解3-4

1.Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

参考翻译：现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为， 道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。

讲解：the more the more

The more people you know, the less time you have to see them. 

你认识的人越多，见他们是时间就越少。

The more he earn, the more he want. 

他赚钱越多越要钱。

the 比较级，the 比较级的情况经常使用，表示越……越……

2.In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

参考翻译：然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。

讲解：this was not the case完全不是这么回事

not at all一点也不,丝毫不

I am not at all satisfied with the surrounding here .

我点也不满意这儿的环境。

I was not at all pleased with the results.

我对结果觉得一点也不满意。

3.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

参考翻译：确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。

讲解：it形式主语

作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替 的是句子的逻辑主语，概括起来会有如下情况： 

1. 句子的逻辑主语为不定式 

如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time. 

It is my pleasure to address the meeting. 

It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own. 

2. 句子的逻辑主语为从句 

如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out. 

It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity. 

It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden 

between the layers of the briefcase. 

3. 句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语 

这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, 

dangerous）等词语的后面用 

如：It is no use reasoning with him. 

It is no good reading in dim light.

4.It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.

参考翻译：我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。

讲解：it is adj. for sb to do sth

能用于it’s adj. for sb to do sth的形容词不多，主要的有bad, bold, clever, common, honest, necessary, nice, normal, pointless, rare, (all) right, rude, sensible, stupid, tactful, thoughtful, typical, unimportant, unusual, vital, wise, wrong等。但是请注意：likely和probable不这样用。如：她可能今晚到。正：She’s likely to arrive this evening. 误：It’s likely for her to arrive

this evening. 她很可能会发脾气。正：It’s probable that she’ll be in a bad temper. 正：She’ll probably be in a bad temper.

误：It’s probable for her to be in a bad temper.

5.Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

参考翻译：阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。

讲解：cut off切下,割下;切断,截断,隔离,使中断联系,中断,剥夺财产继承权

例句：The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world.

山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。

tend to注意,趋向

例句：We generally tend to overvalue money and undervalue art.

我们一般倾向于把金钱看得过重而低估艺术的价值。

6.For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.

参考翻译：对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说，变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区，那一定是很艰难的。

讲解：accustome to适应,习惯于

例句：You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.

你会很快习惯这里的气候的。