中考英语语法讲解资料及练习：时态 (二)
时态的运用比较复杂，好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好，对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析，你会发现一切"as easy as A B C"。
一般过去式和现在完成时：
一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。
如： We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。
注意：有些时间状语，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如： I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。)
一般过去式和过去完成时的比较：
一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。
如： He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
哇塞，我们终于学完了所有时态，摩拳擦掌，试试趁热打铁!
练习：
1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.
A. was...studying
B. will ... study
C. has ...studied
D. are studying
2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.
A. went to , wanted
B. goes to , wants
C. has gone , wants
D. has been to, wants
4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.
A. knows
B. know
C. will know
D. is going to know
5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?
--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.
A. have given
B. will give
C. gave
D. give
6. --Tom ______ out.
--Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?
A. is, did, go
B. went, is ,going
C. has gone, did, go
D. is going, does, go
7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.
A. have
B. are having
C. having
D. will have
8. --" Where is Li Lei?"
--" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."
A. is putting on , is playing
B. puts on, will play
C. is putting on , will play
D. put on, played
9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.
A. have been in , two years ago
B. has gone to, two years
C. have been to, two years
D. has been in, two years ago
10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.
A. is cooking
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. cooks
实践：
1. Jack's father is ______ doctor.
A. a
B. an
C. some
D. /
2. He often does some washing ______ Sunday.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
3. This room is ours, and that one is ________.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. theirs
4. Tom is _______ boy in his class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
5. "Can you come here next Friday?"
"Sorry, I _______."
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. may not
6. Did you ______ the football match last night?
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. read
7. There ________ many high buildings in this city.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
8. John has two brothers. One is an artist, ________ is a scientist.
A. the others
B. another
C. the other
D. others
9. The man asked the policeman _______.
A. let hime to go
B. to let him to go
C. let him go
D. to let him go
10. Please _______ page 54 and read lesson Twelve.
A. turn to
B. turn into
C. turn in
D. turn on
11. He did not go home ______ he finished the work.
A. of
B. because
C. until
D. since
12. The old man was _______ tired that she couldn't walk on.
A. so
B. too
C. very
D. quite
13. We are busy ________ our lessons these days.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. prepared
14. I'll go with you if I ________ free tomorrow.
A. will be
B. shall be
C. am
D. was
15. Do you know ________?
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. he where lives
D. he lives where
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习：时态 (二)的延伸内容：尖子生经验谈：日常学习该如何安排
很多学生看上去很用功，可成绩总是不理想。原因之一是，学习效率太低。同样的时间内，只能掌握别人学到知识的一半，这样怎么能学好？学习要讲究效率，提高效率，途径大致有以下几点：
一、每天保证8小时睡眠 晚上不要熬夜，定时就寝。中午坚持午睡。充足的睡眠、饱满的精神是提高效率的基本要求。
二、学习时要全神贯注 玩的时候痛快玩，学的时候认真学。一天到晚伏案苦读，不是良策。学习到一定程度就得休息、补充能量。学习之余，一定要注意休息。但学习时，一定要全身心地投入，手脑并用。我学习的时侯常有陶渊明的“虽处闹市，而无车马喧嚣”的境界，只有我的手和脑与课本交流。
三、坚持体育锻炼 身体是“学习”的本钱。没有一个好的身体，再大的能耐也无法发挥。因而，再繁忙的学习，也不可忽视放松锻炼。有的同学为了学习而忽视锻炼，身体越来越弱，学习越来越感到力不从心。这样怎么能提高学习效率呢？
四、学习要主动 只有积极主动地学习，才能感受到其中的乐趣，才能对学习越发有兴趣。有了兴趣，效率就会在不知不觉中得到提高。有的同学基础不好，学习过程中老是有不懂的问题，又羞于向人请教，结果是郁郁寡欢，心不在焉，从何谈起提高学习效率。这时，唯一的方法是，向人请教，不懂的地方一定要弄懂，一点一滴地积累，才能进步。如此，才能逐步地提高效率。
五、保持愉快的心情，和同学融洽相处 每天有个好心情，做事干净利落，学习积极投入，效率自然高。另一方面，把个人和集体结合起来，和同学保持互助关系，团结进取，也能提高学习效率。
六、注意整理 学习过程中，把各科课本、作业和资料有规律地放在一起。待用时，一看便知在哪。而有的学生查阅某本书时，东找西翻，不见踪影。时间就在忙碌而焦急的寻找中逝去。我认为，没有条理的学生不会学得很好。
评：学习效率的提高，很大程度上决定于学习之外的其他因素，这是因为人的体质、心境、状态等诸多因素与学习效率密切相关。
总结 学习必须讲究方法，而改进学习方法的本质目的，就是为了提高学习效率。学习效率的高低，是一个学生综合学习能力的体现。在学生时代，学习效率的高低主要对学习成绩产生影响。当一个人进入社会之后，还要在工作中不断学习新的知识和技能，这时候，一个人学习效率的高低则会影响他(或她)的工作成绩，继而影响他的事业和前途。可见，在中学阶段就养成好的学习习惯，拥有较高的学习效率，对人一生的发展都大有益处。可以这样认为，学习效率很高的人，必定是学习成绩好的学生(言外之意，学习成绩好未必学习效率高)。因此，对大部分学生而言，提高学习效率就是提高学习成绩的直接途径。提高学习效率并非一朝一夕之事，需要长期的探索和积累。前人的经验是可以借鉴的，但必须充分结合自己的特点。影响学习效率的因素，有学习之内的，但更多的因素在学习之外。首先要养成良好的学习习惯，合理利用时间，另外还要注意“专心、用心、恒心”等基本素质的培养，对于自身的优势、缺陷等更要有深刻的认识。总之，“世上无难事，只怕有心人。”
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