托福口语如何说连贯

　　托福口语中对于很多方面都提出了要求，其中一些好的托福口语技巧能帮助考生拿到理想的分数，这关乎到托福口语评分标准中对于流畅性的说明，下面就来介绍一下如何让口语显得更为连贯。

　　1. 运用总分总的结构

　　Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:

　　Introductory statement

　　Point 1

　　Point 2

　　Point 3

　　Concluding statement

　　An example of this pattern is shown below:

　　Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.

　　1. way of obtaining specimens

　　2. spares can be released into the wild

　　3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators

　　The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.

　　2. 运用连接词

　　Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.

　　These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.

　　3. 解释或定义陌生概念

　　In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:

　　My hobby is telemark skiing.

　　If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:

　　That means skiing using telemark skis.

　　Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:

　　1. State the word or phrase to be defined.

　　2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.

　　3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.

　　Read this example of an effective definition:

　　Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at

　　the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.

　　4. 正确使用平行结构

　　Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:

　　My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.

　　The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.

　　5. 对关键词进行替换或同义转换

　　When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.

　　This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.

　　The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.

　　6. 时态、人称和数量的统一

　　Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:

　　My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.

　　The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.

　　The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.

　　在最后的冲刺阶段，口语每天仍需坚持1~2小时练习。练习的重点可以放在如何在45秒内描述事物或对某个观点看法的能力上，因为这是唯一可以准备而且相对简单的部分。具体练习题目可参考《新托福考试官方指南》以及培训老师指定的题目。由于第一、二题考察的是快速反应及应答的能力，考生一定要事先准备30个左右的段子，以便在考场上举一反三，有话可说。万一考题不是准备好的内容，一看到考题，15秒内立即想出三个不同的形容词或词组，作为三层理由，然后举一两个例子稍微展开下即可，因此考生至少要准备100个常用的形容词，一些“百搭”经典的理由、例子。

　　口语三至六题还是与听力练习相结合。从某种意义上讲，这部分的得分多少取决于考生听力功底。在听的过程中，记下一些关键词(形容词，动词，数字，例子)，20-30秒内将笔记整理标号，在60秒内“读”出答案就可以了。除了背一些开头语和口语模板之外，还可以准备一些常见过渡词(the first reason is， besides， in my opinion)来显现各个要点之间的连贯性。这部分练习应在平时重点演练，在冲刺阶段再练练眼，耳，口，手并用，保持一种考试状态。