新概念英语第四册补充材料5

Choice of Words

English words are characteristic of polysemy and polysemous words often share more than one part of ten share more than one part of speech, which takes time to determine the fixed meaning and its given part of speech in the certain context, and even more time to makes final decision of the Chinese equivalence to the original word. After the through analysis of the original syntax and the general idea of the original text, choice of words becomes the determining factor to a good translation. 

The word "and" seems easy enough, the actual practice, however, is very different from what as one might imagine. 

1. War and Peace 

战争与和平 

2. eat and drink 吃吃喝喝 

3. to work arduously and skillfully 

苦干加巧干 

4. The girls came over talking and laughing 

姑娘们有说有笑（又说又笑）地走过来。 

5. She is the Party Secretary and manager as well. 

她是党委书记兼经理。 

6. It was not easy to carry such a heavy load, and during the dog days. 

扛这么重的东西很不容易，更何况这么热的天呢。 

7. The earth rotates and it revolves. 

地球一面自转，一面公转。 

8. The sun came out and the grass dried. 

日出草干 

9. Reading the text many times and you will be able to recite it. 

课文多读几遍，你就会背了 

10. He came here by bike and I walked here. 

他是骑车来的，而我是步行来的。 

11. He did it, and did it well. 

他做了，而且做得不错。 

12. They talked and talked until small hours. 

他们谈啊谈啊，一直谈到次日凌晨。 

13. many and many a time. 

三番五次，许多次。 

14. They walked two and two. 

他们成双成对走过。 

15. There are men and men (booksand books). 

各式各样的人（书） 

To have every word well expressed in Chinese, one must acquaint himself with rhetoric, especially the passive rhetoric whose essential work is to have words well-chosen which is just in agreement with the key link of expression in translation. Whether a word is well-chosen affects greatly the accuracy of expression. For example: 

 

good will  

good wife  

good mother  

good gold  

good teacher  

good friend  

good neighbor  

good heart  

good sense  

good year  

good match 

good deeds  

good points  

good husband  

good look  

善意

贤妻

慈母

真金

良师

好友

高邻

好心

褒义

丰年

劲敌，匹敌

善举，善事

优点，长处

尽职的丈夫

美貌

 

The following is designed to practice your translation technique on the choice of words. Work carefully, try to vary your diction in the Chinese version. 

Although schoolmistresses letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs, yet as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to mourn his less; so academies of the male and female sex it occurs every now and then, that then pupil is fully worthy of the praises bestowed by the disinterested instructor. 

一般说来，校长的信和墓志铭一样靠不住，不过偶然也有几个死去的人当得起石匠们在他们朽骨上的好话，的确是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的母亲，孝顺的儿女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子，他们的家人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他。同样，不论在男生还是女生校园，偶然也有一两个学生当得起老师毫无私心的称赞。

Translation should turn out to be faithful the original but not rigid, flexible but not excessive. 

翻译应该是忠实而不呆板，灵活而不过分。 

A good translation, generally speaking, is a bit longer than the original (it does not necessarily mean that good translation must be longer than the original) primarily because translation must faithfully turn the obvious form of the original language into target language, and at the same time, must convey what implied in the original context, especially that closely connected with the background of the original culture and history in the target language. 

The difficulties to readers of translation lie in what's implied in the original, translator should make some adaptations in the light of specific conditions to enable readers to understand more easily. 

The words added in translation must be indispensable (absolutely necessary) either syntactically or semantically. 

I. Words supplied for syntactic construction 

II. Words supplied for semantic completion 

1．人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房，也有死刑。 

When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned or even sentenced to death.

2．其实地上本来没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。 

For actually the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made. 

3. You got a prejudice all right—against a race that's black. That's why I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don't feel any bad vices. 

你这个人确有偏见。你（结构性增补）对整个（语义性增补）黑人种族抱有偏见（结构 性增补）那天晚上，我说骂你是个白人种族主义者，道理就在这儿。但是，当你跟一个具体的（语义性增补）黑人打交道时，我倒（修辞性增补；语气补足词）觉得你没有什么恶意。 

 

新概念英语第四册补充材料的延伸阅读——如何更好地学习新概念英语

 

　　第一部分，听力。

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　　第二部分，词汇。

　　新概念教材课文里所学习的单词都是最基本、最常用的词汇，所以大家一定要掌握。对于意思不太明白的，最好用英英词典或者双解词典查阅并掌握其含义。

　　第三部分，语法和阅读。

建议大家进行课后的习题练习和同步测试，巩固学习内容，检验学习效果。尤其是，新概念每课都有一个自己的核心语法内容，这就要求学生要将每课的这一个语法掌握。查看全文>>>>