新东方在线：托福语法复习笔记22 ㈡非谓语动词 1．现在分词与过去分词的区别： 主动 被动→后置定语/状语→90% 进行 完成→前置定语 →10% 动作 状态→不考 eg: the boiled water 开水 the boiling point 沸点 2．现在分词与过去分词的用法： ⑴可以位于句首/句末做状语，正确与否取决于主被动 句首：Doing…, svo. 主动 （讲义 66） Done…, svo. 被动 句末：svo, doing… 主动 （讲义 65） svo,done… 被动 ⑵可以位于名词后，做后置定语修饰名词，且等同于定语从句。正确与否取决于 主被动 n+doing… 主动 （讲义 58） … people claming to… 主动 n+done… 被动 （讲义 58） … reports received … 被动 eg: the sites occupied by early human… 被动 *常考的+doing的动词： mean enjoy finish mind celebrate forgive tolerate suggest advocate quit delay avoid escape spend be capable of play a key role in keep/prevent from have difficulty in have trouble/a hard time/a problem in 3．关于不定式的省略用法： ⑴help to do = help do help sb to do = help sb do ⑵使役动词：let make have bid后的inf必须省to let sb do make sb do have sb do have sth done bid sb do sth吩咐… 做… ⑶感官动词：see watch notice heat后的inf必须省to see sb do sth see sb doing be seen to do/be seen doing 被动 4． Inf固定用法： ⑴做某事的“第一人”：the first sb to do ⑵（讲义 68）表“允许”“迫使”的动词后接inf allow sb to do permit sb to do force sb to do cause sb to do enable sb to do allow the fruite to ripen allow the ripening of the fruit ⑶表示“倾向”的形容词或动词后接inf tend to do attempt to do be more likely to do/that be inclmed to do be intended to do be liable/apt to do易于… |
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