托福语法考试讲解12 第二节 比较级 英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级，主要有两种形式： 在词尾加-er (单音节形容词)，如：fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等； 或在词前加more (多音节形容词)，如：more useful, more complex等 少数词比较级形式特殊，如：good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的)， 考点一 含有标志词than 1．最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象， 如：It takes less time to go there by air than by train. She possesses more books than I do. He is more intelligent than I expected. than可视为比较级的标志词，在填空题中， 空后含有than的， 通常空格处需要填比较级， 空格前含有比较级的，通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 例题： (1) Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. (A) coolest (B) the coolest (C) cooler (D) the cooler 答案：A 解释：标志词than意味着应用比较级，A, B可先排除；D多the; 只有A正确 (2) Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. 应改为：more 解释：标志词than表明此句应用比较级，而不是最高级 2．为避免重复，than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略，只把相比的部分突出出来: 情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, 如：The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. (that 指代the population) His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. (those 指代 designs) 情况2: 在省略的过程中，若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) 如：The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may probably contribute more to the success of a play. 例题： Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. (A) than do (B) that are having (C) which have (D) that do 答案：A 解释：空格前出现了形容词比较级，空格后是比较对象，应由than连接，选项中只有A符合条件，其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 |
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