新托福考试核心语法讲解25

　考点三 连接从句或不定式

　　介词之后还可以接宾语从句或不定式短语，但要借助于 

　　连接代词 (如：what , which, whom) 

　　或连接副词 (如：how, when，where) 

　　例句： I knew nothing about how he got the green card. 

　　She’s pretty hesitant about which one to choose. 

　　例题： 

　　(1) 

　　The Cubists were concerned with how----a given subject from different points of view simultaneously. 

　　(A) represented 

　　(B) do they represent 

　　(C) to represent 

　　(D) representing 

　　答案：C 

　　解释：介词with后面的宾语不完整, C 是不定式短语作宾语. A D都不足以和how构成宾语从句; B不应用疑问句语序, 若去掉do则是正确的 

　　(2) 

　　The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what ----. 

　　(A) it is known as human knowledge 

　　(B) is known as human knowledge 

　　(C) known human knowledge 

　　(D) is human knowledge known 

　　答案：B 

　　解释：介词of的宾语残缺, B 构成宾语从句, 包含短语be known as；A多主语it; C 无法与what契合; D 语序错误 

　　注意：介词后面不能够接 that 所引导的从句，除非in that连起来作为特殊的状语从句引导词，表原因 

　　(3) (Exer1_21_31) 

　　Soprano Julia Migenes-Johnson believes in that her Latin American background helped her interpret the role of the Spanish character Carmen in a 1984 opera film. 

　　应改为：believes 

　　解释：介词后面一般不能够接that 引导的从句。除非in that连起来 

　　(4) 

　　Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ---- travel over land and water on a layer of air . 

　　(A) they 

　　(B) in they 

　　(C) that they 

　　(D) in that they 

　　答案：D 

　　解释：空格前是句子的主谓语，空格后是谓语结构，空格处需要从句引导词及从句主语，只有D符合题意，in that是特殊的状语从句引导词，表原因 

　　词汇：hovercraft: 水翼船, cushion: 垫子

 

新托福考试核心语法讲解的延伸阅读——新托福语法技巧

 

　　if从句中的动词用过去完成时，主句中的动词用条件完成时。这种句子所指的时间是过去；所提出的条件是不可能实现的，因为if从句中的动作在过去并未发生。

　　If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air－port．

　　要是我早知道你要来的话，我就会在机场接你了。（但我不知道，所以我也没去。）

　　If he had tried to leave the country he would have been stopped at the frontier．

　　要是他当时试图离开这个国家，他就会在边界被阻拦。（但他并未这样做。）

　　基本形式可能的变化形式

　　1 可以用could或might而不用would：

　If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life．

　　要是我们那时早点找到他的话，我们会把他救活的。（能力）

　　If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life．

　　要是我们那时早点找到他的话，我们可能会把他救活的。（可能性）

　 If our documents had been in order we could have left at once．

　　要是我们的证明文件都齐备的话，我们那时就能够马上走。（能力或允许）

　　2 可以用条件完成进行时：

　　At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car，because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front．If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front．

　　事故发生的时候，我坐在车子的后座，因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话，我就会坐在前面了。

　　3 可以在if从句中用过去完成进行时：

　　I was wearing a seat belt．If I hadn’t been wearing one I’d have been seriously injured．

　　我当时系了安全带。要是没有系上的话，我就会受重伤了。

　　4 可以把类型2和类型3结合起来：

　　The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed．If I had caught that plane I would be dead now／I would have been killed．

　　我原想赶乘的那架飞机坠毁了，所有乘客都遇难身亡。要是我赶上了那架飞机，我也就没命了／我就会摔死了。（类型 3）

　　If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now；I wouldn’t be sweeping the streets．

　　要是在上学时学习再努力一些，我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里，而

　　不会是在扫大街了。（但我上学时不努力，因而我现在在扫大街。）

　　5 had可以位于句首并省略if：

　　If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened．相当于：

　　Had you obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened．

要是你当时服从了命令，这场灾难就不会发生了。