新托福语法讲解12 第二节 比较级 英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: 在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; 或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), 考点一 含有标志词than 1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, 如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. She possesses more books than I do. He is more intelligent than I expected. than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, 空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, 空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 例题: (1) Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. (A) coolest (B) the coolest (C) cooler (D) the cooler 答案:A 解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 (2) Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. 应改为:more 解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: 情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, 如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. (that 指代the population) His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. (those 指代 designs) 情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) 如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may probably contribute more to the success of a play. 例题: Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. (A) than do (B) that are having (C) which have (D) that do 答案:A 解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 新托福语法讲解的延伸阅读——新托福语法技巧 if从句中的动词用过去完成时,主句中的动词用条件完成时。这种句子所指的时间是过去;所提出的条件是不可能实现的,因为if从句中的动作在过去并未发生。 If I had
known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port. 要是我早知道你要来的话,我就会在机场接你了。(但我不知道,所以我也没去。) If he had
tried to leave the country he would have been stopped at the frontier. 要是他当时试图离开这个国家,他就会在边界被阻拦。(但他并未这样做。) 基本形式可能的变化形式 1 可以用could或might而不用would: If we had found him earlier we
could have saved his life. 要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们会把他救活的。(能力) If we had
found him earlier we might have saved his life. 要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们可能会把他救活的。(可能性) If our
documents had been in order we could have left at once. 要是我们的证明文件都齐备的话,我们那时就能够马上走。(能力或允许) 2 可以用条件完成进行时: At the time
of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car,because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him
in front.If Tom’s boy had not been there I would
have been sitting in front. 事故发生的时候,我坐在车子的后座,因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话,我就会坐在前面了。 3 可以在if从句中用过去完成进行时: I was
wearing a seat belt.If I hadn’t been wearing one I’d have been seriously injured. 我当时系了安全带。要是没有系上的话,我就会受重伤了。 4 可以把类型2和类型3结合起来: The plane I
intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed.If I had caught that plane I would be dead now/I would have been killed. 我原想赶乘的那架飞机坠毁了,所有乘客都遇难身亡。要是我赶上了那架飞机,我也就没命了/我就会摔死了。(类型 3) If I had
worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now;I wouldn’t be sweeping the streets. 要是在上学时学习再努力一些,我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里,而 不会是在扫大街了。(但我上学时不努力,因而我现在在扫大街。) 5 had可以位于句首并省略if: If you had
obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.相当于: Had you
obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened. 要是你当时服从了命令,这场灾难就不会发生了。
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