托福考试辅导:语法讲解(4) 第三节 冠词作限定词 冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 考点一 不定冠词a / an 不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour 不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). 例题: (1) How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. 应改为: puzzle. 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle (2) Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture. 应改为: day 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day (3) Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker. 应改为: still a practical 解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 例题: (1) A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. 应改为: An emotion 解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an (2) If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms. 应改为: an atom 解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |
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