2015年职称英语考试理工类B级全真模拟试卷及答案 第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an event's occurrence. A predictability B fallibility C desirability D undeniability 2 Students working toward a degree in business are likely candidates for careers in the banking industry. A lively B friendly C promising D sophisticated 3 Twins do not always display a noticeable likeness. A compatibility B sensitivity C fondness D resemblance 4 In 1845 Sarah Mather invented a submarine telescope that could be used to locate and study underwater objects. A illuminate B raise C find D examine 5 For some animals, locomotion is accomplished by changes in body shape. A evolution B movement C survival D escape 6 Youth hostels provide inexpensive lodging for young people throughout the United States and in other countries. A clothes B entertainment C transportation D accommodations 7 South Carolina's mineral resources are abundant, but not ail of them can be lucratively mined. A profitably B safely C easily D extensively 8 When the United States stock market fell in 1929, many stockholders were forced to sell their shares at ludicrously low prices. A predictably B relatively C suspiciously D ridiculously 9 Frostbitten fingers and toes should be treated with lukewarm water. A frigid B tepid C boiling D steamy 10 Georgia O'Keeffe's best-known paintings are those in which she magnified flowers or animal skulls to fill the picture. A enlarged B dissected C duplicated D glorified 11 The ship left New York on her maiden voyage. A first B final C fast D famous 12 The shrapnel maimed the young soldier. A endangered B slanted C crippled D embarrassed 13 National forests make money for the government through the sale of trees for lumber. A earn B print C trade D borrow 14 The value of a particular variety of clay for pottery is related to its mineralogical and chemical makeup. A reactions B attraction C charts D composition 15 Materials such as clay, wax, glass, and rubber are widely used in industry today because they are malleable. A easy to manufacture B readily available C pliable D buoyant 第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Look after Your Voice Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking. Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating sinks or swimming pools, said, "We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter." Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body. 16 To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The first paragraph mentions three ways of activating the saliva in the mouth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 The writer suggests that you go to see a doctor when you feel you are losing your voice. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 The writer's advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or two drinks so as to give yourself some confidence. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The writer cites Goethe to prove that one can change one's habits. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Conquest of Distance 1 In 1848,pioneers who crossed the American continent in their wagons made the trip in 109 days. Today a New York family can drive by automobile to San Francisco in less than a week or make the trip in several days by train, or fly there in five hours. The transportation has conquered the vastness of the land and brought together people living thousands of kilometers apart, 2 Railroads played a major role in uniting the far reaches of the continent. In 1830 there were only 37 kilometers of railroad track in the United States. But by 1863, two companies proposed to connect the east and west coast by a railroad all the way across the continent. Advancing eastward from California, the Central Pacific pushed forward across the desert;the Union Pacific moved slowly westward over the mountain plateaus. Finally, in 1869, the tracks of the two railroads met, and the first transcontinental railroad--the first real link between east and west-was completed. 3 Although the railroads brought towns and cities together, they could not go everywhere. In many parts of America, distances are so great that automobiles are necessities, not luxuries. As we have noted, most American farmers do not live in villages but are sometimes kilometers from their nearest neighbor and even hundreds of kilometers from a town. Large-scale farming is common in many parts of the United States today, but it did not become profitable until there were trucks and tractors. Trucks and cars go wherever there is a road and the more than six million kilometers of roads bring every field and barn into the circle of civilization. 4 The family automobile has helped to bring people of the United States two other things-two things which can seldom exist at the same time: community life and the privilege of privacy. In the early days of industrialization, factory workers lived close together, within walking distance of their jobs. As industries grew, more and more working class families lived together in crowded conditions. But with the construction of longer and better roads and with the greater availability of automobiles and other means of rapid transportation, it was no longer to live close to the factory. New residential areas, suburbs, grew up outside the big cities and, increasingly, industry and commerce concentrated in the cities. Every morning, millions of Americans dive their automobiles to work in the city, sometimes a distance of around 100 kilometers. At night they drive home to houses and apartments outside the cities, surrounded by trees and lawns. 5 Automobiles and other methods of rapid transportation are also changing American industry. Instead of continuing to concentrate in the big cities, industry is building factories in previously undeveloped areas. Because the means of transportation are available, it is not hard to transport people as well as materials to the places where they are needed. This factor was largely responsible for the remarkable growth of the Pacific Coast during and after World WarⅡ. As industries built new factories in the Far West, Americans from all over the country moved west to take advantage of new jobs and new opportunities. 6 The airplane, too, has played a major role in uniting Americans. Only 70 years after the Wright brothers made the first successful airplane flight, the United States had move than 277,000 kilometers of regular flight routes. People and goods can now travel to every part of the country in less time than ever before. Human beings have conquered the distances which lie between them. 23 Paragraph 2 ____________ 24 Paragraph 3 ____________ 25 Paragraph 4 ____________ 26 Paragraph 6 ____________ A Automobiles promote farming. B Planes bring people even closer. C Railroads unite the whole country. D Building railroads is costly. E Transportation makes it possible for workers to move out of cities. F People can travel all over the world. 27 In the early days it took more than three months for people ____________. 28 Not until trucks and tractors came into wide use ____________. 29 While family automobiles have given people greater freedom to move about, they have at the same time deprived people ____________. 30 Faster than both trains and automobiles, planes have shortened the distance between people ____________. A of the opportunities to live more closely with others B did large-scale farming become possible C was quickly popularized D to an even greater degree E to travel from the east of the country to the West F was greatly improved 第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Listening to Birdsong A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference. Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female ( and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this Study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates' songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize—and prefer-the songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way morns speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs. 31 What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches? __________ A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches. B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches. C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence. D Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing. 32 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches? _________ A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them. B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates. C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers. D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 33 What is meant by “concert songs” in the seventh paragraph? __________ A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert. B Songs sung by male finches for female finches. C Songs sung by female finches for male finches. D Songs sung by male finches to many female finches. 34 What is NOT tree of directed communication? __________ A The sender of a message has a specific audience. B Male zebra finches sing to female finches. C Mothers talk to their babies. D Male zebra finches sing to themselves. 35 Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage? _________ A Chirping away. B Birdsongs as communication. C Zebra finches and their life. D Enjoying birdsongs. 第二篇 Media and Current Events The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People's park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities. Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people's lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your conscious-ness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities. In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This event was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury (陪审团) was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding (展开) on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process. 36 The best title for the passage is ____________. A The 1992 Los Angeles Riots B The Impact of Media on Current Events C The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and 1992 Los Angeles Riots D How Media Cover Events ____________. 37 All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that A electronic media can extend one's contact with the world B those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television C all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage D video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers the impression of the total disaster 38 The term “electronic city” in Paragraph 2 refers to ____________. A Los Angeles B San Francisco C Berkeley D Earth 39 The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because ____________. A the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King B people can make their own judgements C video coverage from helicopters had made people angry D video coverage had provided powerful feedback 40 It can be inferred from the passage that ____________. A media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results B most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of the jury C the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week D Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday 第三篇 Learning Disabilities Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 41 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________. A Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain. B Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain. C Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the brain cells. D Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain. 42 Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _________. A structure and function B color and function C size and arrangement D color and arrangement 43 All of the following statements are TRUE except that _________. A many factors account for learning disorder B a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs C reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population D the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children 44 Doctor Duffy believed that __________. A he found the exact cause of learning disabilities B the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain C the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain D the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain 45 According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made __________. A to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence B to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbers C to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization D to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning 第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Story of Lani Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. “She's very good about it,” says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her father David, in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of her father's liver in a liver-transplant operation. Lani was born with a liver illness. 46 Doctors advised that trans-plant was the only way in which she would live. The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams, one for the father and one for the daughter.47 In these cases, the donor's liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks and the child's liver becomes smaller. Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation. Because the receiver's body tries to reject the new organ, the patient has to be given special drugs. 48 Although David left hospital after 10 days, he didn't return to work until after three months. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall, which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. 49 So far, only 16 of these liver-transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. 50 Doctors say, “If possible, we prefer to take a liver from a dead donor, usually a parent.” Lani still has to look after her health, and she gets more tired than other children of the same age, but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger. A She had one operation when she was six weeks old, which was not successful. B While these drugs are given, it is important that the patient does not catch any illness, not even a cold. C In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams, was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter. D David quickly recovered from the operation. E However, they are more common in North America and Japan. F David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year. 第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help There is no good place to have a car crash--but some places are worse than others. In a foreign country, for instance, 51 to explain via cell-phone that you are upside down in a ditch when you cannot speak the local language can fatally delay the arrival of the emergency services. But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the European Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that 52 senses when a car has crashed and sends a text message telling emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken place. The system was 53 by ERTICO, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium. Cars are fitted with a cell-phone-sized device attached 54 the underside of the dashboard which is activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The device 55 a cell-phone circuit, a GPS positioning unit, and a microphone and loudspeaker. It registers the severity of the crash by 56 the deceleration data from the airbag's sensor, Using GPS information, it works out which country the car is in, and from this it determines 57 which language ot compose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident. The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency services 58 If the car's occupants are conscious, they can communicate with the operator 59 the speaker and microphone. E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading when it crashed, which in turn indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up. This 60 the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene, “We can waste a large 61 time searching for an incident,” says Jim Hammond, a (an) 62 in vehicle technology at the Association of Chief Police Officers in the UK. Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the UK. Trials have already started in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. In-car systems that summon the emergency services after a crash have 63 been fitted in some premium cars. ERTICO says that 64 EU states are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure; E-merge could be working by 2008. A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6000 fo the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe's roads, and prevent a similar number of serious in-juries. The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per 65 in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer lost working days. 51 A try B tried C trying D having tried 52 A automatically B accidentally C tremendously D usually 53 A changed B located C developed D copied 54 A by B up C about D to 55 A forms B is consisted of C composes of D includes 56 A read B reading C reads D being read 57 A on B in C of D at 58 A car maker B policeman C doctor D operator 59 A via B near C by D beside 60 A assists B causes C makes D helps 61 A number of B deal of C amount of D volume of 62 A writer B reporter C expert D leader 63 A already B long ago C long before D shortly 64 A although B nevertheless C however D if 65 A city B year C person D country 参考答案： 第一部分： 1 A 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 A 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 D 15 C 第二部分： 16 B 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 A21 C 22 A 第三部分： 23 C 24 A 25 E 26 B 27 28 B 29 A 30 D 第四部分： 31 C 32 A 33 B 34 D 35 B 36 B 37 C 38 D 39 A 40 A 41 A 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 C 第五部分： 46 A 47 C 48 B 49 F 50 E 第六部分： 51 C 52 A 53 C 54 D 55 D 56 B 57 B 58 D 59 A 60 D 61 C 62 C 63 A 64 D 65 B |
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