新东方网络课堂：2014年职称英语考试理工类模拟试题(一) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. ants always put food away in autumn. a. store b. steal c. eat d. carry 2. i recommend you buy a computer. a. force b. advise c. ask d. require 3. you should soon regain your appetite. a. keep b. lose c. recover d. get 4. helen will leave immediately. a. far away b. right away c. right here d. soon 5. we resolved the problem after group discussion. a. caused b. met c. solved d. posed 6. can we resume the meeting? a. stop b. begin c. start d. continue 7. the movie has a satisfying ending. a. pleasing b. sad c. interesting d. horrific 8. he tended his grandmother in the hospital. a. looked for b. took care of c. kept up d. cared for 9. keep your room tidy. a. messy b. organized c. beautiful d. neat 10. the bad news upset me very much. a. disturbed b. saddened c. angered d. disappointed 11. there are various kinds of food in china. a. lot b. many c. different d. delicious 12. she cried aloud all at once. a. for a long time b. suddenly c. for no reason d. quickly 13. they had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. a. goods b. soil c. climate d. harvest 14. it's hard for us to choose a book among these books. a. elect b. buy c. recognize d. select 15. most people favored the plan. a. agreed b. opposed c. liked 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把a涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把b涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把c涂黑。 aids the world health organization (who) says as many as 10 million persons worldwide may have the virus that causes aids(艾滋病). experts believe about 350 thousand persons have the disease. and one million more may get it in the next five years. in the united states, about 50,000 persons have died with aids. the country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all americans who had the aids virus five years ago are dead. there is no cure for aids and no vaccine(疫苗) to prevent it. however, researchers know much more about aids than they did just a few years ago. we now know that aids is caused by a virus. the virus invades healthy cells, including white blood cells that are part of our defense system against disease. it takes control of the healthy cell's genetic(基因的) material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus. the cell then dies. and the viral particles move on to invade and kill healthier cells. the aids virus is carried in a person's body fluids(液体). the virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous(进入静脉的) drugs. it also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with aids to her developing baby. many stories about the spread of aids are false. you cannot get aids by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. you can not get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. experts say no one has gotten aids by living with, caring for or touching an aids patient. 16 according to the who, there are now 10 million aids patients in the world. a right b wrong c not mentioned 17 america has the largest number of aids patients in the world. a right b wrong c not mentioned 18 the cause of aids remains a mystery to researchers. a right b wrong c not mentioned 19 aids patients today cannot be cured yet. a right b wrong c not mentioned 20 a pregnant woman with aids cannot pass the virus to her developing baby. a right b wrong c not mentioned 21 it is unlikely that the aids virus will be passed through handshaking. a right b wrong c not mentioned 22 men are more easily infected with aids than women. a right b wrong c not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上. old man myths and realities 1 when does a middle-aged man become an old man? officially, of course, it's when we reach retirement age. but, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. as life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. this is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2 sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. these days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70-75, and those over 75 as the old-old. the young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. the old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3 although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. this fact alone should arouse interest as to why. relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that's really about all we know. 4 it is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. in fact, most rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. the physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger. 1 paragraph 1 __________. 2 paragraph 2 __________. 3 paragraph 3 __________. 4 paragraph 4 __________. a new definitions of the old man b changing concept of the old man c health of the old man d happy old man and sad old man e limited knowledge of the old man's experiences f contempt for the old man 5 nowadays men generally live longer than__________. 6 a man in his mid-60s is now regarded as__________. 7 more research should be done on the experiences of __________ . 8 most old men consider themselves to be __________. a in good health b in the past c in the wrong d the old man e a middle-aged man f a young man 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 a new cause of suffering a conference on obesity(肥胖症)was recently held in vienna. two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. according to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are too fat. obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering. professor friedrich hopichler of salzberg said: "we are living in the new age but with the metabolism(新陈代谢)of a stone-age man .i have just been to the united states. it is really terrible. a pizza(比萨饼) shop is appearing on every corner. we have been occupied by fast food and coca-cola-ization." many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. hopichler said: "eighty per cent of all diabetics(糖尿病人)are too fat, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with fatty tissue complaints. ten per cent more weight means thirteen pet cent more risk of heart disease. reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure." another expert hermann toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "the health insurance pays for surgery(such as reducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index(身体质量指数)is more than 40. that is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. one should start earlier." toplak said tat prevention should begin in school. "child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of tv sets." 1 how many people are suffering from obesity in the world? a 250,000,000 b 25,000,000 c 1,200,000,000 d 120,000,000 2 the united states is cited as a country where a obesity is not a problem at all. b you can find many new things. c terrible things happen all the time. d it is easy to buy fast food. 3 according to the article, obesity is associated with all the following except a high blood pressure. b fatty tissue complaints. c stomachache d heart disease 4 hermann toplak suggested that more money should be spent on a surgery b fat people c preventive programs d state health services. 5 in toplak's opinion, the more time a child spends watching tv a the better he will do in his studies b the more likely he will get too fat c the less likely he will get too fat d the more friends he will have at school 第二篇 high stress may damage memory according to a report issued in may 1998, elderly people who consistently high blood levels of the stress hormone. what's more ,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区), a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. the findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, "healthy" range can actually accelerate brain aging. the study results "now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺) stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, "write nada porter and phillip landfield. cortisol is a hormone releases in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺), which sit on top of the kidneys (肾). over a 5-to 6-year period, dr. sonia lupine and his colleagues measures 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most whom were in their 70s. the researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. the groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group. the researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. the results suggest that "…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的) and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging." write porter and landfield." this further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus. 6 which of the following plays a key role in one's learning and memory? a the kidneys b the adrenal hormone c the stress hormone d the hippocampus 7 when the levels of cortisol go high ,the hippocampus a may expand b may shrink c may disappear d may function better 8 according to the passage, when people are under stress, a the adrenal glands will produce cortisol b the kidneys will shrink rapidly c the hippocampus will produce cortisol d the brain will work more efficiently 9 it app ears that when the hippocampus shrinks sue to high levels of cortisol, other brain regions a may change dramatically b may stop functioning c may remain unaffected d may be seriously damaged 10 the research conducted by porter and land field showed that a the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging b changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging c chronic stress may strengthen one's memory d the rate of brain aging always remains stable 第三篇 valuing childhood the value of childhood is easily blurred(模糊) in to say's world. consider some recent developments: the child-murders in the jonesboro, ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in chicago. children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. yet, as legal proceedings in jonesboro showed, the one boy who was to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. there may have been a motive - youthful jealousy and resentment. but a deeper question remains: why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint(束缚)? that question echoes for the accused in chicago, young as they are. they wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse(冲动) common enough among kids. redemption(拯救) is a practical necessity. how can value be restored to young lives distorted(扭曲) by acts of violence? the boys in jonesboro and in chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. despite horror at what was done children are not cannot be dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. that's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. but the moral void(真空) that invites violence has many sources. family instability(不稳定) contributes. so does economic stress. that void, however, can be filled. the work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought? schools, too, have a role in building character. so do youth organizations. so do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning. and their observance(遵守) 11 the two boys in chicago were a shot b murdered. c accused. d set free 12 the boys jonesboro and chicago apparently lacked a sense of a right and wrong b humor. c gratitude. d safety. 13 according to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same way as a murderers b criminals c victims. d adults. 14 which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void? a official corruption b social injustice. c family instability. d racial prejudice. 15 which of the following statements is not true according to the passage ? a parents should give their children instruction in morality. b schools should help create a moral sense in children. c law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws d youth organizations have no role to play in building character. 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 garlic from early times man has used garlic (大蒜). the bible speaks of it. the israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. they cried out to moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. the romans, like the israelites, loved to eat garlic. and they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) they also thought it would keep them from getting sick. a similar idea is still held. many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) its smell may force people to stay far apart. at least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) what if you're in a play, for instance? actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic. through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) we now know why. it's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). they go into the lungs instead. from there they are breathed out. they pass out through the skin too. strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. it all depends on how it is cooked. french cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. they use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. but they take care not to crush them. and they cook them whole. _____(5) and as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. the soup turns out to be delicious. it's not strong at all. a but no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much b as a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves. c they say it may help in one way, though. d many people eat garlic. e but keeping your distance can be hard at times. f they hoped it would keep away the evil eye. 第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 healthy food street sellers, particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food _____(1) people on low incomes. this sector (部门) also employs some 6-25% of the work force, mainly women, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other produce. in many countries, _____(2), the authorities are not willing to recognize it as a formal sector of the food _____(3) system; they may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to _____(4). there are two possible contaminants (污染物): pathogenic (病原) micro-organisms (微生物) _____(5) harmful chemicals. as _____(6) as micro-organisms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transmission of infection than foods obtained in, e.g. hotels. studies in egypt and elsewhere have found street foods to compare not unfavorably with hotel _____(7) in respect of contamination with micro-organisms - some street foods were found to be contaminated with pathogens (病原菌), but so were foods from four, and five-star _____(8) in the same area. harmful chemicals have been found in street foods, and food exposed for sale on roadsides, may become _____(9) by lead from vehicle exhausts. health dangers may arise from: purchase of raw materials of _____(10) quality; improper storage, processing, and cooking, leading _____(11) reuse of water; limited piped drinking-water; lack of refrigeration (冷藏); unsatisfactory waste-disposal facilities; and personal cleanliness. the authorities should _____(12) into account the potentials of different categories of food for transmitting disease, and should set appropriate standards of control for the different categories - sellers of bottled drinks require less control than those of food. dry foods, dried grains, and sugared foods are _____(13) likely to transmit disease than cooked rice, low-acid milk, egg, and meat products. _____(14), foods which are thoroughly cooked and eaten at _____(15) are safer than precooked food kept at high temperatures for several hours. 1 a for b on c by d at 2 a but b however c besides d moreover 3 a choice b processing c supply d production 4 a them b those c him d it 5 a and b or c but d yet 6 a soon b far c much d many 7 a services b kitchens c hygiene d foods 8 a hotels b houses c buildings d generals 9 a supported b enriched c contaminated d washed 10 a heavy b clear c high d poor 11 a to b about c from d around 12 a use b think c take d work 13 a highly b never c not d less 14 a certainly b interestingly c surprisingly d similarly 15 a once b twice c call d work |
新东方职称英语网络课堂>>
新东方职称英语
