托福写作的四个常见语法错误和写作两步四句开篇法

　　我们写作最重要的一步就是审题，审题关系到整个文章思路的确定，而审题准确有否最直接的体现就是文章的开篇段。

　　一般来说，开篇段落的写作可分为两大步骤：

　　第一步就是用简洁明了的句子对原题目的意思进行同义替换;

　　第二步是提出自己的观点。

　　这两大步骤细化起来可以概括为四句话：

　　第一句，采用同义替换的方式对原题目的意思进行更改，当然是“形变神不变”;

　　第二句，对题目的意思进行解释

　　第三句，提出自己的观点;

　　第四句，概括自己所提出观点的理由，引起下文。

　　根据YeeaooBox上网友对托福独立写的练习情况，我总结了一些常犯的毛病题目来解释这个“两大步，四个句子”的具体运用方法。

　　案例1：误解原意思

　　Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?

　　Original：

　　Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.

　　解析：

　　文章第一句话不是对原题目意思进行解释，而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法来进行题目诠释;第二句表明自己对误解题目的观点;第三句话对自己的观点进行近一步的解释;第四句一个过渡性的句子。开篇内容安排倒是很好，但是作者犯了误解原题目意思的错误导致后面整个文字都做了无用功。

　　改后：

　　When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I agree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.

　　Revised：

　　第一句话对原题目意思进行了很好的诠释;第二、三句话进一步解释原题目;第四句话提出自己的观点;第五句话过渡性句子引起下文。

　　案例2 ：语言罗嗦，绕弯子给出自己观点，浪费时间

　　Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

　　original：

　　With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard has been improving day by day. According to the family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.

　　解析：

　　这个开头看似没有任何问题，但是仔细分析就会发现很多问题。首先，作者绕了个大弯才给出自己的观点。其次，观点是对原题目的抄写，改动的比较少。最后，开篇缺少引起下文的过渡句。更大的错误是这个开头更像是一个全文主要观点的一个分论点。

　　Revised:

　　As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed reasons are listed below.

　　解析：

　　第一句话诠释原题目意思;第二句话进一步解释第一句话;第三句话提出自己的观点;第四句话解释自己的观点，引出下文。

　　托福独立写作开篇第一段是整个文章的主机调，这个部分如果出现问题整个文章就会黯然失色。

　　1、主谓不一致

　　例. When one have money ,he can do what he want to. (人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。)

　　剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。

　　改为：Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).

　　2、词性不一致

　　“词性不一致”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

　　例. None can negative the importance of money.

　　剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。

　　改为：None can deny the importance of money.

　　3、句子前后不一致

　　托福写作中的句子前后不一致是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通，这也是考生常犯的毛病。

　　例. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

　　剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。

　　改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

　　4、指代对象不一致

　　这里的指代对象不一致主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。把这一项单独提出来是因为大家实在很青睐这一部分：

　　例. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

　　剖析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。

　　改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

　　例. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

　　剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

　　改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

 

托福写作的四个常见语法错误和写作两步四句开篇法的延伸阅读——新托福写作一次通关技巧之无所不能辩

 

　　解决了上一个托福写作问题之后，学生仍然可能会有思绪梗阻的现象。这是极颇正常的。例如，在斗劲A和B的时辰，说了一段撑持A之后发现，意矣闽不雅概念。这个原则我叫做“口角正反说”，或者叫“有利原则”，即一切评价取决于评价者所站立场。

   再想不到撑持A的例子，也先不到否决B的例子，反而想到几个撑持A的例子，甚至是撑持B的例子。凡是如不美观有A+或者B-，文章的结构是斗劲直接浩撇的。但问题就是只有A-和B+的时辰。若何继续撑持A？

　　选择继续撑持A的原因有良多，可能因为前面基调已定无法改削，亦可能所有论点斗劲一下，没有任何一方有压服性优势，撑持A撑持B城市碰着上述问题，即直接可用的论点不足。亦可能是作者主不美观上就是想撑持A即便例子一下想不全。

其解决方案无非有二。其一是坦荡托福考生思绪。确保他们能想到足够多的分论点以供使用。这点可以经由过程万能理由，破题体例，段履睁开等等手段来达到。但我们仍需要年夜其它角度再供给备选方案。方案二就是，若何变废为宝，若何口角倒置。换言之，攻讦你能否不说你的错误谬误，而改为报复你的利益？撑持我是否可以不说我的利益，而转为回嘴我的劣势？这样理论上，无论你想到的论点是A+, A-,B+,B-, 我们都可以用它们来撑持肆。