托福独立写作话题：艺术家or科学家 托福独立写作模板：艺术家or科学家 It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer. 人们普遍认为，社会得益于其成员的工作。比较一下艺术家和科学家对社会的贡献，你认为哪一类人的贡献更大?用具体的理由阐明观点。 托福独立写作模板：英文例文 Artists and scientists both make valuable contributions to our society. It may seem sometimes that artists are more valued. That’s because those artists who are famous make a lot of money. However, they are relatively few. The fact is that scientists are more valued. They get more respect from society for the work they do. Artists reflect their times and their culture. A painter or a writer shows us in pictures and words what we’re like as a people. They record our culture for future generations. Actors and other performers, like singers and dancers, entertain us. They take our minds off our troubles, and remind us how beautiful and exciting our imaginations can be. Artists also help keep their societies mentally and emotionally healthy. For example, children that participate in the arts, such as painting or music, in school do better in their other studies. Art of all types is necessary to the human spirit. The contributions scientists make to society are more obvious. They include the cars we drive, the computers we use at home and at work, and the appliances that help us cook our meals and clean our houses. All of these come from the ideas and hard work of scientists. Because of scientific discoveries, we’re living longer and more healthful lives. Scientists also contribute to the arts. Movies are the result of science. So are television, radio, and the recording of music on CDs. Generally, scientists don’t make as much money as famous artists like film stars, opera singers or successful painters. However, our society gives them more respect, and they generally make a good living. Scientists are considered to be serious professionals, while artists are sometimes viewed as flaky, irresponsible people. So overall, I’d have to conclude that we value scientists more. 托福独立写作模板：范文词汇 mentally：心理上，精神上; 智力上 professional：专业的; 专业性的; 职业的 flaky：薄片的; 成片的; 薄而易剥落的; <美俚>极古怪的 托福独立写作话题：艺术家or科学家的延伸阅读——托福写作是怎样打分的。 综合写作是托福写作板块中的其中一项。托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independentwriting)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。关于这两部分的了解，强烈建议同学们自己去看看ETS出版的托福考试官方指南(OG)，OG里面对于考试形式和评分标准有非常详尽的介绍，有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。 综合写作的满分要求是： A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture andcoherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant informationpresented in the reading. The response is well organized and occasional language errors thatare present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content orconnections。 大家会发现，这里面的关键词是information和organization，也就是信息量和逻辑，至于语言，并没有提出太多的要求，用词和造句“秋裤”一些没有关系。因此，只要听力和阅读的笔记记得较全，并且能够把听力中的观点和细节表达清楚就可以。需要注意的是，这部分对词数和时间都是有要求的，官方的规定是150-225词，我的建议是180-260词，时限是20分钟。关于summary的结构，一定是四段??introduction+3对detail，不需要conclusion。总体来说，这部分得高分的一定是把听力写得很清楚的同学，事实上听力才是考察的重点，阅读是用来帮助对听力进行理解的，同学们在写听力内容的时候切不可有“这个也要写啊，没必要吧”的想法。另外，阅读的内容在写summary的时候决不可照抄。 了解了综合写作的评分细则，我们可以列出同学们需要锻炼的能力列表： 1、 阅读能力 2、 听力和速记能力 3、 一定的改写能力 好了，下面我们来看看应该如何复习综合写作。首先，大家要对自己的阅读和听力能力有一个认识，首选的测试题就是ETS发布的TPO(toefl practice online)，大家不妨在复习初期拿来“裸测”一下。对自己的能力有大概认识之后，同学们一定要注意复习方法。很多同学认为自己阅读差就是因为不认识单词，所以拼命背单词;有些同学觉得自己听力差，就花大量时间练习听写。这些方法本身都对能力提高很有好处，但是大家一定要记住，实战才是锻炼能力的最好方式，所以还是希望大家多做全套的综合写作习题，TPO有二十多套，就是很不错的选择。但是TPO有一个问题，没有很规范的范文作为参考，这是为什么很多老师开始在精讲精练班上讲解TPO，以帮助同学们复习。另外，还有一本书值得推荐《新托福考试专项进阶——高级写作》，这是我在自己的单项班上的专用教材，里面的综合写作并不是TPO，但却是托福考试真题还原出来的，而且配有nativespeaker撰写的范文，具备不错的参考价值。 这里推荐一个复习的方法，分成4个步骤： 1、首先“裸做”题目，即三分钟阅读，听一遍lecture，然后20分钟写summary。写得不好没关系，接下来需要找出阅读和听力中的硬伤，所谓硬伤就是不认识的单词、不理解的词组、没看懂的句型和也认识也理解也能看懂但是听不出来的单词、词组和句型，统统摘抄到笔记本上; 2、将阅读材料中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再细细地读passage，完全读懂为止，如果没有读懂可以参看书后的翻译，接着练习记笔记，这里主要是练习笔头速度和缩写表达能力，尽量积累出定型的缩写表达以在考场上争取时间; 3、将听力中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再精听lecture，如果听不清可参看听力原文，然后练习记笔记，可多遍练习，放一遍记一遍，尽量详细而不复杂(信息量要大但是单词不要全拼符号不要复杂); 4、再次仿真练习，读passage，听lecture，再写summary，然后对书后面的sample answer，一定做到不要遗漏听力中的信息。 |
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