2015年6月大学英语六级阅读综合练习及解析(3)

　　Preparing for Computer Disasters

　　A: Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.

　　B: Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: "It won't happen to me." Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.

　　Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

　　C: House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.

　　D: There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.

　　E: Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.

　　Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis

　　F: Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.

　　The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster

　　G: When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.

　　H: Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road. So, don't wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.

　　1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.

　　2. For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.

　　3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.

　　4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.

　　5. It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.

　　6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.

　　7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.

　　8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.

　　9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.

　　10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.

　　1. A

　　根据题干中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。

　　2. B

　　根据题干中的信息词computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句话，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。

　　3. B

　　根据题干中的信息词offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒数第二句话。

　　4. C

　　根据题干中的信息词most devastating causes定位到第一个小标题下第一段的第一句话可知原文提到了家庭火灾和水灾是个人电脑危机的最具毁灭性的根源。

　　5. C

　　根据题干中的信息词back up our system及medium定位到第一个小标题下第一段的最后一句话。

　　6. E

　　根据题干中的信息词find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一个小标题下第三段的第一句话。

　　7. F

　　根据题干中的信息词physical disaster定位到第二个小标题下的前两句话。

　　8. F

　　根据题干中的信息词backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二个小标题下的最后一句话。

　　9. G

　　根据题干中的信息词The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三个小标题下第一段的第一句话。

　　10.H

　　根据题干中的信息词prepare for your computer，总结文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

　　分门别类识别文体

　　随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。

　　记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;议论文是阐明作 者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论;应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括 通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

　　统览全篇摘录要点

　　阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

　　如2002年本市中考试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中，通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语，而从中感悟到人文思想的体现，人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系，从而得出第6小题：From the passage，we learn that ______. 答案为B：

　　The rainforest people have done some- thing to protect their home.

　　在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

　　开动脑筋推测词意

　　初中英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为。

　　根据上下文猜测词意

　　如闸北区2003年中考模拟题，阅读B篇中p assed away，根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为“去世”。

　　根据构词法猜测词意

　　前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。

　　后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。

　　后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如c alculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等。

　　用知识和生活经验理解短文

　　如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.。根据逻辑推理理解短文

　　逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如闸北区中考模拟卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据Have the police taken your driving licence away，too?可以推断问题6：Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为：Because the police had take his driving licence away.。

　　再如Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth ashe did before.As soon ashe touched the cloth，he cried，″Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!″据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。

　　条分缕析理解长句

　　长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如，Parents whose children show a special interestina particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.，先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a cision.，再找出修饰语W hose children show a special interestina particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。

　　选词填空解题技巧

　　选词填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力，这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。有些考生的听力基础知识部分做的还比较好，但是选词填空却只能做对一两道，有的甚至对选词填空产生了恐惧心理，导致 全军覆没。其实只要我们有信心，有良好的心理素质，再加上一定的技巧，选词填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。

　　平心静气不急不躁

　　对完形填空心存恐惧，是导致失误的根本原因，有些考生满脑子的畏难思想，殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外，根本无法进入思维，还谈何理解文章的内容呢?所以，集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。

　　浏览全文把握大意

　　浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向，把握文脉，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的判断。如在Compuer一文中，作者贯穿文章始终的主线为Computers are important for human beings，但到了最后，作者笔锋一转，提出Are you afraid if computers can really think one day?作者的行文走向是一种担心和忧虑，所以读者既要善于听话听音，也要把握准文脉，及时调整、定位自己的思路，就会发现上述问题的正确回答应该是 Yes，we are afraid.。

　　识别短语注意搭配

　　一类短语是由动词+介词，或动词+副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动，如break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch one's eye等;还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如with regard to，ina blink of，on everyone's lips，at the age of等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完型填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完型填空的命中率。

　　运用语法理顺关系

　　语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌离神不 离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词后的代词必然是宾格;物质名词一般不用复数;形容词必须放在不定代词后;行为动词的 否定和疑问句应由助动词do构成;情态动词只能与不带to的动词连用等。

　　如黄浦区2003年中考模拟试卷中的完型填空题第3小题：I was the happiest boy in the world，填入的词逻辑根据为happy，语法根据为最高级，因为前一个词是the，后面是in the world短语，即在一个范围内进行比较，应用形容词的最高级，因而推断出该词为happiest;再如该项的第6小题，挖空处为don't，因为行为动词的否定式应由助动词构成，而且主语是I，因此得出该词为don't。

　　遇到难词反复默念

　　有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从 逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就必须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词and，副词 then、always、som etimes等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。