2013年秋季高级口译笔试听力答案解析

　　Part A听写题Spot Dictation

　　讲评：

　　这次的听写题主题为：是否欧元有望成为更佳强有力的货币，从而在世界上与美元相抗衡；总体来说，难度适中，而且经济类文章和相关词汇一直是我们课上强调的重点，因为经济类话题一直是考生的软肋，今年听写题中出现的euro，currency，GDP，price stability, inflation, portfolio, reserve holdings,  European assets,  financial flows这些关键词都是经济类话题必备词汇，再次提醒同学们高口考试对于经济类话题的重视程度。

　　参考听力原文

　　Was it envisioned for the euro to eventually become such a strong currency that it could compete with the dollar on a global level? Or was that a dream then and is it still a dream now?I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some ways, less attainable right now. Why?

　　Well, the dream to give credit where credit is due was not only advocated by some European officials but by some American economists, including our Institute's director, Fred Bergsten, was way out in the front with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at London Business School, also was way out in front with that. And they were very much against the tide of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who were very skeptical toward the euro.At face value, the euro area is the same size in GDP as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very large and deep financial markets,although the more you look in detail, there are still some things there that differentiate it from the United States. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a very low rate of inflation pretty consistently. So you put those three things together, on paper it looks like the euro should be at least a very clear second to the dollar in investors' portfolios, in government reserve holdings, in how much you invoice trade like oil or planes or things like that.

　　But what our research finds in this book-in particular in good chapters by Kristin Forbes and Linda Goldberg-is the fact that if you look under the hood a bit, there is a huge shortfall between what you would expect just based on?size and how much the euro is used. So there's an awful lot of trade that's still invoiced in dollars, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are huge amounts of financial flows that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is not commensurate with the size.

　　参考文章和出处：Steve Weisman对Adam S. Posen的采访，Adam S. Posen: (born in Brookline, Massachusetts) an American economist and President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (1997-present).

　　Part B听力理解题

　　1. 听力理解题

　　Q1-5对话

　　关键词：Jazz music；formal training；instruction；single notes；interpret

　　Q6-10新闻

　　6. London

　　关键词：

　　Housing market; mortgage lending; pick-up; concession; price rising

　　7. Paris

　　关键词：

　　Euro zone; Gross Domestic product; financial crisis; diverging patterns; contrast; contradiction; unbalanced; uncertainty; fiscal difficulties; pick-up

　　8. Washington

　　关键词：

　　Apple; tax avoiders; testimony; offshore entity; subsidiary; federal corporate income tax;

　　9. Oklahoma

　　关键词：

　　Flattened; huge tornado; suburbs; destroyed; major disaster; feral authorities;

　　10. Dubai

　　关键词：

　　Saudi Arabia; Everest; four-person expedition; Qatari; Palestinian; reach the summit; raise money for educational project in Nepal; muslin; break barriers; Ms. Moharrak;

　　Q11-15采访

　　关键词：

　　Physician; poorest places on earth; extremity; inequality and health-care; confront; health Infrastructure; setting; train local people to be community health workers; high-quality health care; Haiti;

　　Q16-20讲座

　　关键词：

　　Camping equipment; campsites; low-cost annual insurance policy; luxury rent;

　　Part A听写题： Note-taking and Gap-filling

　　讲评：

　　今年的Note-taking and Gap-filling核心话题为解释一些与环境资源治理有关的术语，继续了历年常考的环境类讲座，总体而言，难度不大，很多空格在试卷上给出的summary文本中都可以直接找到答案，而略有挑战性之处在于有些空格需要考生对原文大意有较好的认知，考查考生概括和总结大意的能力。

　　参考文稿及答案

　　So, I want to discuss a few other terms here, actually some, um… some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let's talk about what that means. If we take resource like water, now maybe we should get a little bit more specific here, back from a more general case and talk about underground 1. Water in particular. So hydro geologists have tried to figure out how much water can we take out from underground sources. That has been an important question. Let me ask you guys, how much water, based on what you know so far, could you take out of, say, an aquifer… under the city as much as what gets recharged?

　　Ok. So we wouldn't like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The implication is that, well, if you only take as much out as comes in. You're not gonna to 2. deplete the mount of water that stores in there. Right? Wrong. But that's the principle. That's the idea behind how we manage our water supplies. It's called 3. Safe Yield. Basically what this message says is that you can pump as much water out of the system as naturally recharges, as naturally flows back in. So this principle of safe yield is based on balancing what we take out with what gets recharged. 4.(第四空填写表示否定的词即可) But what it does is it 5. ignores how much water naturally comes out of the system, and natural system of certain matter of recharge comes in and certain matter of water naturally flows out through springs, streams and lakes, and over long term the amount that's stored in the aquifer doesn't really change much. It's balanced. Now humans come in and start taking water out of the system. How have we changed the equation? It's not balanced anymore? Right. We take water out but water also naturally flows out. And the recharge rate doesn't change. So the result is we've 6. reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long enough, if you pump as much water out as naturally comes in, gradually the underground water level will drop. And when that happens, they can't fix service water. How? Well underground systems there are natural discharge points, places where the water flows out from the7. underground systems, out of lakes and streams. Well, a8. drop of water level can mean those discharge points will eventually 9. dry up, and that means water's not getting to 10. Lakes and streams that depend on it. So we end up reducing the 11. surface water supply, too. You know, in the state of Arizona, we're 12. Managing some major water supplies with the principle of safe yield and under this method they will 13. eventually dry up the natural 14. discharge points of those aquifer systems. Now, why is this issue? Well, aren't some of you going to want to live in the state for a while? Won't your kids grow up here, and your kids' kids? You maybe 15.concerned with "dose Arizona have water supplies which is sustainable-key word here. What that means? The general 17.definition of sustainable is whether it be enough to meet the 18. needs of the present without compromising the ability of 19. future to have the availability to have the same resources. Now, I hope you see these two ideas are 20. incompatible---sustainability and safe yield. Because what sustainability means is that it's sustainable for all systems depend on the water, for the people who use it, and for supplying water to the dependent like some streams. So I'm going to repeat this. So, if we are using a safe yield method, we're only balancing what we take out with what gets recharged, but don't forget, water also flows out naturally. Then the amount has stored under ground gradually gets reduced, and that going to lead to another problem: these discharge points with water flow out to the lakes and streams, they're going to dry up. Ok.

　　Part B  句子听译

　　1． 当你有问题想去问学生，老师都愿意回答。当然，如果学生翘课，老师当然不愿意重复他们已经在课上讲过的内容。

　　2． 我一般不会给新到商品打折，但是看起来你真的想买下这个包送给你丈夫，那么我就给你打个9折吧。

　　3． 在很多国家，毒品犯罪最高会面临20年至终身监禁，这样犯罪率就马上下降了， 所以说，重刑的确能减少犯罪。

　　4. 过去20年，很多富裕的国家都出现了明显的劳动力下降的问题，富有的越来越富有， 但在社会最低层的劳动人民，收入却没有增加。

　　5.  据IMF预测，今年全球经济增长将达3.3%，这比2012年3.2%的增长量有所增加。新兴经济体功不可没。

　　Part C 段落听译

　　1. 一个人的年龄已经不再和他的社会地位、婚姻及健康挂钩，也不规定我们在一个特定的年龄去上学，工作，结婚和建立家庭。 曾经告诉我们何时上学，工作或者停止工作的"社会时间"作用不容从前。 当我们看到一名29岁的大学校长，35岁的祖母，或者70岁才当父亲的男人，我们都不会惊讶。人们的观念在发生变化。 对于那些外表显年轻的老年人，我们也不觉得很惊讶。

　　2. 你有可能会问，是否涉及性别歧视语言的问题真的如此重要？ 对于当今妇女来说，是否面临更多严峻的问题？ 当然， 对于女性而言，他们面临更多问题，诸如艾滋危机，就业歧视，以及媒体对女性刻板印象的刻画。我想指出的是，除了这些问题以外 还有语言措辞也是包括联合国在内的诸多世界组织的担心的问题，在出版物中，联合国不仅仅要避免语言措辞所涉及的性别歧视，更多要避免这些措辞所折射出的观念。

 

2013年秋季高级口译笔试听力答案解析的延伸阅读——基础口译快速学习的方法

 

　　第一，模拟

　　模拟是最好的提供口语能力的方法之一，通过多模拟电影、电视或以英语为母语的人的语音和语调来提高自己的口语能力。

　　第二，朗读

　　要想提高口语能力，一定要大声的把英文读出来，而且要带有意识的去模拟母语朗读也可以说是第二模拟，所以也需要有意识地以磁带里的语音、语调去朗读。在朗读时，可以把自己的声音录下来，认真听一听，并进行比较，找出差距，发现自己的弱点。

    第三，复述

　　复述是在模拟、朗读之后的一个再创作的过程，它比背诵要难。可以尽量用自己的话复述朗读、听过的或阅读过的，也可以完全摆脱原文，组织、创作材料内容。对于程度较差的人，可以先复述原文的中心思想，一句、两句话即可。然后，由少至多。复述是在没有人对话的情况下提高口语最有效的途径之一。

　　第四，背诵

　　练习口语不免背诵一些东西，但很多人不喜欢背诵。不过，背诵一些名篇偶是非常有必要的 .基础较差的人一定要背诵一些常用的句型和表达方式。

第五，坚持用英语写日记。用英语写日记无论是对提高口语还是提高英语其他方面的能力都是一个行之有效的好方法。