2013年职称英语综合类阅读理解习题及答案

Shark Attack !【小心鲨鱼！】

    Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.

 In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth1. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

    Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. 2 0nly 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

    The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high---fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

    Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards of other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

    词汇：

    scan  vt.．审视，细看，浏览            seal  n．海豹

    elbow  n．肘，肘部                    reef  n．礁，暗礁

    surface  n．表面，外表；vf．浮出水面，浮现  

    quest  n．搜索，寻求，追求            mistake for错认为，误认为

    drown  vi．淹死，溺死

    注释：

    1．…cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. ……被鲨鱼咬掉了两个手指。

    2．A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。

练习：

1.  After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark __________.

A)  bit his surfboard

   B)  bit his fingers

   C)  swam away

   D)  attacked him

2.  It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites __________.

   A)  often let humans escape

   B)  kill humans

   C)  have so many teeth

   D)  grow to six meters or more

3.  Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?

   A) create.

   B) are.

   C) increase.

   D) depend upon.

4.  The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means __________.

   A) people's

   B) great whites'

   C) sea lions'

   D) seals'

5.  What is the main idea of the forth paragraph?

   A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.

   C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.

   D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

答案与题解：

1．答案C 

解析：选项A(鲨鱼咬冲浪板)和B（鲨鱼咬他的手指）两个选项发生在Craig落水之前，故排除这两项。从第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：当Craig落入水中，手指上的鲜血在水中散开之时，这条五米长的鲨鱼却自己游走了。此信息排除了选项D（鲨鱼攻击他），因此答案为C（鲨鱼自己游走了）。

2．答案A

解析： 从第二段第一行我们可以看出：鲨鱼被人类视为杀手，这是一条常识，很容易理解，因此选项B（杀人）被排除。而选项C（有很多牙）和D（长到六米长或是更长）只是对鲨鱼的简单描述，也属于常识；而且文中并未出现对它们的质疑，说明作者也默认了这两条常识。因此选项c和D也被排除。所以答案是A（常常让人类逃脱），这在文中第三段得到了验证，第三段整段就是在说虽然鲨鱼可以轻松杀死人类，但是它们却很少杀人。第三段最后两行甚至提到就连鲨鱼研究者们都在尽力寻找人类屡屡能鲨口逃生的原因，这就更能证明选项A是正确答案。

3．答案B 

解析：本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的词组make up，的意思。结合make up词组前出现的单词seal和sea lion以及它后面出现的词组a large part of their diet，通过常识我们可以猜出：海豹和海狮应该是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。比对四个选项，我们可以发现选项A（创造）、选项C（增加）和选项D（依靠）在意思上都说不通，代入原文无法构成有意义的一句话。因此只有选项B（是）在意思上和make up最为接近，代入原文也说得通。在本文中，词组make up的意思为：组成，构成。

4．答案B 

解析：本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的单词their的意思。结合第四段前两行的内容，我们可以很容易推测出，在这里their指代的是the great whites（大白鲨），因此答案为B。

5．答案C

解析：本题要求读者总结出第四段的主要内容。第四段主要介绍的是：人们起初以大白鲨视力不好为由来解释人类为何屡屡鲨口脱险，但是最近的信息表明大白鲨的视力并不差，不会把人类误认为是海豹或海狮。大白鲨不吃人是由于它们觉得人类太瘦，没有海狮和海豹的肉那么肥。对比四个选项：选项A略显片面，不是本段的主要内容，故排除。选项B中提到大白鲨也把人类当作食物来源，这点是错误的，故排除B。选项D中说的是人们开始怀疑这一论断的正确性，但是选项D的表述和文中的信息正好相反；人们现在开始怀疑的是“大白鲨由于视力不好才去攻击人类”这一论断，而不是“大白鲨由于视力很好才去攻击人类”，故排除D。所以正确答案为C（我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动物）。

The Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】

    “I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage1 [to Mecca]...to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris-the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.

 Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West2, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.

    Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. 3 0n the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “we fought…killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers…．I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me…． We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak'har…and suspended them from the wall.” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave.  When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.

     After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.

    词汇：

    Pilgrimage   n．朝圣，远游           ferry  n．胛．渡船    

    slain：slay  v．的过去分词            slay  vt．杀死，杀戮

    sultan  n．苏丹（伊斯兰教国王，某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号）    

    suspend  vt．吊，挂；暂停   

    unparalleled  adj．无比的，空前的，绝无仅有的

    finance  v．给……提供资金    

    scatter  vt．撒播，驱散；vi．消散    

    the open country野外

    consent  vi．同意，赞成     foot soldier  步兵

    注释：

    1．…with the intention of making the pilgrimage………打算去朝圣……

    2．Little celebrated in the West，…虽然在西方社会不怎么知名，……

    3．…seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. ……在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。

练习：

1.  What is the passage mainly about?

A)  Visitors to Mecca.

   B)  The adventures of Ibn Battuta.

   C)  Ibn Battuta's character.

   D)  Asian countries of the 14th century.

2.  Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?

   A)  left to go to.

   B)  discussed.

   C)  arrived at.

D)  decided upon.

3.  The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because _

   A)  the sultan needed a translator.

   B)  Ibn Battuta had been a judge before.

   C)  Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.

   D)  Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries.

4.  Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with？

   A) Ibn Battuta's journeys were very common for people of that time.

   B) Ibn Battuta's stories are probably not true.

   C) Ibn Battuta's journey was less important than Marco Polo's.

   D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.

5.  Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?

   A) He was tired of traveling.

   B) He didn't have any more money.

   C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi.

D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.

答案与题解：

1． 答案B 

解析：根据本文的内容以及标题( The Travels of Ibn Battuta)，我们可以很快排除选项A、C和D。所以答案为B( The adventures of Ibn Battuta)。

2． 答案A 

解析：从第一行我们知道伊本白图泰的家乡是丹吉尔，所以第五行中set off词组后提到的麦加必然是伊本白图泰要去的城市，想必他是离开家乡前往麦加。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为A(left to go to)。

3． 答案C

解析： 在第三段第七行中，我们可以发现本题的答案：因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为C (Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca).

4． 答案D

解析：选项A的意思是：在他那个时代的人看来，伊本白图泰的经历很普通。结合本文内容我们知道该选项必然是错误的，故排除A。选项B的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历故事可能是虚构的。根据本文的内容我们可以知道伊本白图泰在历史上确有其人，他的游历经历也是真实的，甚至他的游历故事还被写成了书流传后世，所以该选项不对，故排除B。选项C的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历没有马可波罗的游历重要。根据本文，我们知道伊本白图泰的经历虽然在西方社会不如马可波罗那么有名，但他的故事在阿拉伯世界是家喻户晓。文中并没有出现对比他们俩的信息，所以我们不能武断地说谁的游历就一定比另一位的重要，故排除选项C。因此，本题正确答案为D（在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名）。

5． 答案D

解析：在第四段前两行中，我们会发现：最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求游历一生的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。定位这条信息之后，我们再来对比四个选项就不难发现本题的正确答案为D（摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家）。