2013年职称英语卫生类考前模拟冲刺训练5-6

 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第二篇 High Stress May Damage Memory

　　According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who consistently high blood levels of the stress hormone. What's more ,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区), a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.

　　The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, "healthy" range can actually accelerate brain aging.

　　The study results "now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺) stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, "write Nada porter and Phillip Landfield. Cortisol is a hormone releases in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺), which sit on top of the kidneys (肾).

　　Over a 5-to 6-year period, dr. Sonia lupine and his colleagues measures 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most whom were in their 70s.

　　The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.

　　The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.

　　The results suggest that "…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的) and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging." write porter and landfield." This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus.

　　6 which of the following plays a key role in one's learning and memory?

　　A the kidneys

　　B the adrenal hormone

　　C the stress hormone

　　D the hippocampus

　　7 when the levels of cortisol go high ,the hippocampus

　　A may expand

　　B may shrink

　　C may disappear

　　D may function better

　　8 according to the passage, when people are under stress,

　　A the adrenal glands will produce cortisol

　　B the kidneys will shrink rapidly

　　C the hippocampus will produce cortisol

　　D the brain will work more efficiently

　　9 it app ears that when the hippocampus shrinks sue to high levels of cortisol, other brain regions

　　A may change dramatically

　　B may stop functioning

　　C may remain unaffected

　　D may be seriously damaged

　　10 the research conducted by porter and land field showed that

　　A the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging

　　B changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging

　　C chronic stress may strengthen one's memory

　　D the rate of brain aging always remains stable

　　参考答案：36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. B

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第三篇 Valuing Childhood

　　The value of childhood is easily blurred(模糊) in to say's world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murders in the Jonesboro, ark. Schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago.

　　Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive - youthful jealousy and resentment. But a deeper question remains: why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint(束缚)?

　　That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse(冲动) common enough among kids.

　　Redemption(拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted(扭曲) by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done children are not cannot be dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.

　　But the moral void(真空) that invites violence has many sources. Family instability(不稳定) contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?

　　Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning. And their observance(遵守)

　　11 The two boys in Chicago were

　　A shot

　　B murdered.

　　C accused.

　　D set free

　　12 The boys Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of

　　A right and wrong

　　B humor.

　　C gratitude.

　　D safety.

　　13 According to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same way as

　　A murderers

　　B criminals

　　C victims.

　　D adults.

　　14 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?

　　A Official corruption

　　B Social injustice.

　　C Family instability.

　　D Racial prejudice.

　　15 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?

　　A Parents should give their children instruction in morality.

　　B Schools should help create a moral sense in children.

　　C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws

　　D youth organizations have no role to play in building character.

　　参考答案：41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D

 

2013年职称英语卫生类考前模拟冲刺训练的延伸阅读——2013职称英语卫生类考试一次通关技巧

 

　　1、做题总思路：

　　从分析题型的设计知道，这类题其实是前三类考题（“阅读判断”、“概括大意与完成句子”和“补充短文”）的进一步提升，就是要加大对短文信息量的摄取。所以，做前三类题的步骤和技巧，特别是思路和逻辑推理方法，也是十分适用其类题的。

　　2、做题注意事项及要求：

　　（1）尽量通读全文，掌握大意；

　　（2）做每个填空处要认真阅读其所在句子；

　　（3）不要钻牛角尖和强人所难。做这类题，做得一题算一题；

　　3、做题步骤：（根据总思路和参照前三类考题，分三步走）

    通读全文。这是与上三类考题不一样的地方。要求我们要浏览一篇原文，尽能力理解原文内容，并对全文的语言表达方式，如原文的时态语态、措辞语气、大意内容等有大概印象。这并不要求我们一定要精读并读懂原文，只是希望通过通读全文，能摄取到最大的做题信息量；

自上而下，按顺序做题，特别注重填空处句子。在通读全文的基础上，开始从头判断每个填空处所缺的词的语言形式，按符合语法词法句法、符合逻辑结构关系、符合内容意思连贯的三要求，采用综合分析排除法，判断填入的词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义、词性、时态和语态等；