中级口译口试冲关必备练习9 第九次课 国情以及社会问题 教学目标 了解中国社会面临的背景，以及相关的英语表达， 教学重点 合句法，措辞的政治正确性（2） 如何避免中式英语（２） Task: 真题 In urgent need of: 急需 Regular medical care： 常规医疗保健 Particularly/in particular: 尤其。。。。；特别。。。的 Put burden on: 给。。。带来负担 To address concerns of people’s livelihood Redress people’s grievances To alleviate people’s hardships Economic slowdown/downturn/ recession Economic tsunami Depressed areas: 经济萧条地区 Alleviate: 减轻（痛苦） Care for the old: 照料老人 Give priority to: 优先（考虑，照顾，关注，处理。。。。） Like many other countries, the number of elderly people in Britain has increased dramatically in the last 15 years and what is disturbing is that many are in urgent need of care，particularly regular medical Care.\\ The high cost of caring for the elderly has put a burden on the government and social services, and they are failing to provide the suitable care for people living in large cities and towns and depressed areas.\\ Charity organizations such as “Help the Aged’’ and “Shelter for the Aged” therefore do a lot to provide care for such people，and thus helping to alleviate the misery that some old people experienced.\\ People in Britain admit that caring for the elderly is a problem which must be given priority. In spite of what has just been said，there are still a terrific number of families who care for their elderly relatives with the proper care and attention required. （参考答案） 同许多国家一样，过去15年英国的老年人数急剧增加，令人不安的是许多人急需照料，尤其经常性的医疗保健。∥ 由于照顾老年人所需昂贵费用已成为政府和社会福利部门的沉重负担，这些部门已经不能为生活在大城市和经济萧条地区的人们提供合适的帮助／照顾。∥ 有些慈善机构，如“助老(权益)组织”和“老人院”等做了大量的工作，为老年人提供帮助，减轻一些老年人的痛苦。∥ 英国民众认为，照料老年人是一个必须优先考虑的问题。尽管如此是说，还是有许多家庭能够给予年迈的亲属以恰当的所需要的照料。 联系教材254页 Affect, do harm to, obstruct Impede, is an impediment to Hamper/hinder Pose a potential threat to Pose a grave threat 从教材译文看如何避免重复 我们正处在一个从工业化社会向服务和信息社会的转轨过程之中 We are in the process of changing from the industrial society to a service and information society． 不好的原因是：过程被重复了三次 The pillar of our world is changing from industry to service and information technology Task: 真题 急剧膨胀：expand sharply; explosive growth, increase exponentially 迅速增长： grow rapidly 人口移居： immigration 公共卫生： public health 淡水供应： fresh water supply 住房： housing affordable housing project 交通： transportation 就业: employment 造成： bring about; cause; lead to; give rise to 恶性： vicious 优质农田： fertile farmland 日益严重的： ever-increasing 使。。。步履维艰：hinder/ obstruct 艰巨而迫切的：a difficult and pressing task/a formidable task 目益匮乏：the increasing shortage of resources Rural population/market/economy Unbelievably/incredibly Nobody can afford to neglect/overlook/ignore To Contain the rapid growth of population is an arduous task The widening wealth disparity Narrow the gap/disparity 城市急剧膨胀，人口增长过速，农村人口大量移居城镇，将使城市变得想象不到的庞大和拥挤。 城市人口的迅速增长，将对公共卫生、淡水供应、医疗保健、食品、住房、交通和就业造成极大压力，并且带来一些恶性社会问题。 同时，由于城镇发展而失去优质农田，日益严重的空气和水质的污染使农作物受到损害。农业发展将更加步履维艰。 地球资源目益匮乏，这也是一个不容忽视的问题。看来解决人口过激增长的问题，是摆在现代人面前的一项艰巨而迫切的任务。 The sharp expansion of cities, the rapid growth of population and the shift of a large rural population into cities and towns, will make the urban areas unimaginably expanded and crowded.// The rapid growth of urban population will put heavy pressure on public health, fresh water supply, medical care, food supply, housing, transportation and employment, and also bring about some vicious social problems.// In the meantime, the urban and township development will cause more loss of fertile farmland. The ever-increasing serious air and water pollution will damage crops. All these will form more obstacles to the development of agriculture.// The increasing shortage of resources on earth is also a major problem that cannot be ignored. It seems that the solution to the problem concerning the extremely rapid growth of population is a difficult and pressing task facing all the people in modern society. Task真题 Be related to 与。。。有关Be linked to 与。。。有关 Suffer from alcohol dependence 依赖酒类 takes a heavy toll 引起严重伤亡 traffic fatalities and injuries 交通伤亡 worsen 恶化 demonstrate 表明 drunk driving 酒后驾驶 unnatural deaths 非正常死亡 run the risk 冒险 under the influence of…在。。。影响下 per capita consumption 人均消费比率 excessive 过量 intoxicated drivers 醉酒驾车 According to a recent study in Sweden, almost half of all unnatural deaths are related to alcohol. Scientists suggest that 44% of deaths caused by accidents or other events are linked to drinking. Globally, 140 million people are suffering from alcohol dependence. Alcohol takes a heavy toll damaging public and private life with countless traffic fatalities and injuries. Now, the situation is worsening. The study demonstrates that alcohol is a problem not only when it comes to drunk driving and traffic deaths, but in a significant number of all unnatural deaths. This means that you run a greater risk when you are under the influence of alcohol. While overall rates of adult per capita consumption are falling in many countries, young people are too often drinking excessive quantities of alcohol. Indeed, intoxicated drivers are among our worst enemies in road accident. 根据科学家最近一次所作的调查，超过一半的非自然死亡与酒精有关。调查显示50％的由交通事故或其他原因引起的死亡与酗酒有关。// 科学家们花6年时间研究了东欧某个国家的死亡事件。他们将死亡分为自然死亡，即疾病引起的死亡，和非自然死亡，即由事故引起的死亡。// 研究表明，不仅酒后驾车和交通死亡由酒精引起，其他非自然死亡极大多数也是由酒精引起的。这就意味着在酒精的影响下，你会冒更大的风险。// 虽然西欧有些国家在减少酒精消费方面取得了一些进步，但东欧的形势却在恶化。 Task 真题 置于……优先地位 give priority to, give paramount priority 令人瞩目的成就 great achievements 指标 index 优先于 surpass 政府拨款 government grants grant loans 多渠道筹措教育经费 to raise fund/capital through various channels 人均 per capita 清醒看到 be fully aware of the fact that…. 经济基础薄弱 weak economic foundation 中国是一个发展中国家，但政府一直把儿童教育置于整个教育事业发展的优先地位，取得了令人瞩目的成就。 近年来，中国的儿童教育事业有了很大发展，许多指标优先于其他发展中国家，有的己接近发达国家水平。 近年来，我们以政府拨款为主，并通过多种渠道筹措教育经费，使学生人均教育费用逐年增长。 中国政府清醒地看到，由于中国人口众多，经济基础较薄弱，儿童工作还存在许多困难，有待于进一步改善。 Although China is a developing country, the Chinese Government has always given priority to children’s education in the promotion of education in general and has made remarkable achievements.// Children’s education in China has seen great progress in the past few years, with many indexes higher than those of other developing countries and some close to those of developed countries.// In recent years, China has established an educational fund-raising system with the governmental allocations as the predominant source and funds collected through other channels as a supplement, thus ensuring a year-by-year growth of average educational appropriations for every student.// The Chinese Government is clearly aware of the fact that since China has a large population and since its economic foundation is still comparatively weak, many difficulties remain in the work for children, and there is much room for improvement. Task 真题 Gather momentum 不断兴起 Acupuncture 针灸 herbal medicines 草药 martial arts 武术 leading 主流，著名 coincide with 与。。。一致 thriving 繁荣 Chinese communities 华人社区 vastly different 大相径庭 model minority 模范少数民族 Welcome to my discussion on the Chinese culture and American way of life. Americans are looking to Chinese Culture to enrich their life. This trend is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, now more Americans are turning to its acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts, and kongfu films. Chinese language and acupuncture are now taught in many leading US universities and medical schools.. With the growing popularity of Chinese things, China emerges as a potential world political and economic superpower. This coincides with its reopening up to the outside world. In addition to this, Chinese communities are thriving in many American urban centers, and their reputation as a model minority has aroused further interest in this distant land, which is so vastly different. 欢迎各位参加中国文化和美国生活方式的讲座。美国人现在将目光转向了中国文化，借以丰富他们的生活。这股潮流方兴未艾。 美国人对中国菜肴十分热爱，除此之外，现在有很多美国人正在学/开始注意针灸、草药和武术和功夫电影。许多美国著名/主要大学和医学院已开设了中文和针灸课程。 中国文化/事物（在美国）日益风行/“中国风”盛行，中国逐渐崛起成为潜在的世界政治与经济强国。这与中国的重新对外开放是一致的。 此外，许多美国城市的华人社区一片繁荣，并且享有模范少数民族的美誉，这让美国人对这个和他们（文化）大相径庭的遥远国度产生了浓厚的/更进一步的兴趣。
中级口译口试冲关必备练习的延伸阅读——基础口译快速学习的方法 第一，模拟 模拟是最好的提供口语能力的方法之一，通过多模拟电影、电视或以英语为母语的人的语音和语调来提高自己的口语能力。 第二，朗读 要想提高口语能力，一定要大声的把英文读出来，而且要带有意识的去模拟母语朗读也可以说是第二模拟，所以也需要有意识地以磁带里的语音、语调去朗读。在朗读时，可以把自己的声音录下来，认真听一听，并进行比较，找出差距，发现自己的弱点。 第三，复述 复述是在模拟、朗读之后的一个再创作的过程，它比背诵要难。可以尽量用自己的话复述朗读、听过的或阅读过的，也可以完全摆脱原文，组织、创作材料内容。对于程度较差的人，可以先复述原文的中心思想，一句、两句话即可。然后，由少至多。复述是在没有人对话的情况下提高口语最有效的途径之一。 第四，背诵 练习口语不免背诵一些东西，但很多人不喜欢背诵。不过，背诵一些名篇偶是非常有必要的 .基础较差的人一定要背诵一些常用的句型和表达方式。 第五，坚持用英语写日记。用英语写日记无论是对提高口语还是提高英语其他方面的能力都是一个行之有效的好方法。
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