备战2010年高考：形容词和副词比较级解析

2010年的高考进入倒计时，笔者将陆续撰写高考语法知识考点，配以归纳好的历年全国高考真题作为巩固练习，希望对广大考生备考有所帮助。在这场永远都没有硝烟的战场，哪怕是一分都可能是救你于千钧一发的稻草。所以，尽可能保住每一分是考生应该有的信念。
　　形容词和副词比较级解析
　　形容词是用来修饰、描述名词或代词的词，主要用作定语、表语和补足语等。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或全句的词。形容词和副词的比较级是高考考点之一，但是由于在高考中，同学们更加注重同位语、定语从句和非谓语动词等的备考，则会容易复习形容词和副词的复习。其实，形容词和副词的考试也是高考的重要考点。今天，笔者对形容词和副词五个常见考点比较级进行归纳分析，希望对考生备考以及英语能力的提升有所帮助。 　
　　一、比较级和最高级的常见结构
　　1. “the +比较级……, the +比较级“：表示 “越……越……”
　　The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is. 你越早看医生越好。
　　The longer I waited， the less patient I became. 我等的越久就变得越不耐烦。
　　2. the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词： 表示“第几大的”
　　This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。
　　这是迈克尔·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲。　　
　　高考真题：
　　1. (01上海卷) In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go , ____ 。
　　A. our holidays will be better B. our holiday will be the better
　　C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
　　2. (02上海卷) As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ____。
　　A. the more for life you are equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
　　C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 　
　　答案：1. C 2. B
　　二、比较级和最高级的修饰语
　　1. 常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, a little, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, rather, any, (far) larger than
　　This movie is far more interesting than I expected. 这部电影比我原想的有意思的多。
　　2. all the +比较级：愈来愈
　　I worked all the harder. 我工作愈来愈努力了。
　　3. 常见的最高级的修饰语有： 序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really 等
　　He is almost the best player. 他基本上是最好的选手。
　　4. any 修饰比较级只用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句
　　Can you do any better on this job? 你这件事情能不能做得更好些？
　　高考真题：
　　1. (06江苏卷) I wish you’d do ____ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better。
　　A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more
　　2. (07 全国卷II ) After two years’ research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease。
　　A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
　　3. (08全国卷I) You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?
　　A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more
　　C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more bit
　　答案：1. A 2. B 3. C
　　三、表达倍数的常用结构
　　1. 数词+times+as+形容词原级+as
　　This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
　　2. 数词+times+形容词比较级+than
　　This room is twice bigger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
　　3. 数词+times+性质名词+of (性质名词主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等)
　　This room is twice the size of that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
　　4. (not)half+as+形容词原级+as
　　This room is half as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的一半。
　高考真题：
　　1. (03北京卷) Our neighbor has _____ours。
　　A. as a big house as B. as big a house as
　　C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as
　　2. (05 湖北卷)What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before .It is it is long。
　　A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as
　　C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half
　　3. (08浙江卷) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times____。
　　A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many
　　4. (08陕西卷) Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs。
　　A. as twice large as B. twice as large as
　　C. twice as much as D. as twice much as
　　5. (09四川卷)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice ___ expensive 。
　　A. as B. so C. too D. very
　　6. (09辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost his。
　　A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
　　C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
　　7. (09四川卷)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice ___ expensive 。
　　A. as B. so C. too D. very
　　8. (09江西卷)According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ____a woman。
　　A. than B. such C. so D. as
　　9. (09辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _______ his。
　　A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
　　C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
　　10. (08浙江卷) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______。
　　A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many
　　答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A
　　四、比较级与冠词的搭配
　　1. 不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“ a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示 “一个更……的人/物”。
　　Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？
　　2. 被比较者被明确特指时，比较级前面应该加定冠词“the”修饰。
　　Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 哪一个年龄小一些，莉莉还是鲁西？
　　高考真题：
　　1. (02 全国卷) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ。
　　A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
　　2. (05山东卷)Mr. Smith owns ______ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met。
　　A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large
　　3. (06四川卷) ---Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
　　--- Yes. I’ve never been to ____ one before。
　　A. a more excited B. the most excited
　　C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
　　4. (06全国II卷) Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard ____ before。
　　A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one
　　5. (06安徽卷) Of the two sisters, Betty is ____ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quite。
　　A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
　　答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C
　　五、比较级和同级比较
　　1. as +原级+ as : 和…… 一样
　　The room is as big as that one. 这间房子和那间一样大。
　　2. as many/much/far/long as +具体数词：到达某种程度
　　The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000. 那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。
　　3. as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：
　　1) as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as
　　He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。
　　2) as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as
　　I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
　　I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。
　　高考真题：
　　1. (01 全国卷) It is generally believed that teaching is _____ it is a science。
　　A. as art much as B. much an art as
　　C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
　　2. (04上海卷)He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker。
　　A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
　　3. (05 安徽卷)John is the tallest boy in the class, _______ according to himself。
　　A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
　　C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
　　4. (06上海卷) A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds ____ strong as 113 miles per hour。
　　A. too B. very C. so D. as
　　答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D
　　形容词和副词的比较级看起来复杂，其实只要掌握其中规律，理清头绪，就比较容易掌握了。同学们一定要反复牢记规则，真正理解，并通过做练习来巩固。