每日一首Sonnet (22)

XXII



1. My glass shall not persuade me I am old,
2. So long as youth and thou are of one date;
3. But when in thee time's furrows I behold,
4. Then look I death my days should expiate.
5. For all that beauty that doth cover thee,
6. Is but the seemly raiment of my heart,
7. Which in thy breast doth live, as thine in me:
8. How can I then be elder than thou art?
9. O! therefore, love, be of thyself so wary
10. As I, not for myself, but for thee will;
11. Bearing thy heart, which I will keep so chary
12. As tender nurse her babe from faring ill.
13. Presume not on thy heart when mine is slain,
14. Thou gav'st me thine not to give back again.

Commentary:

Sonnets 20 - 32 present an ocean of relative tranquility, in which some minor matters of social difference appear to darken the horizon momentarily, and then pass away. Apart from that, the love which has been declared in 13, 15 and 19 But, love, you are etc.; dear my love, you know; 13. And all in war with time for love of you etc.; 15. my love's fair brow; My love shall in my verse ever live young; 19, is allowed to develop to full maturity. In this sonnet it is as if the point of no return has been reached. The expressions of care and tenderness, of love's togetherness and the prospect of youth growing old, of two hearts united in one, of the commitment of love until the severance of death, combine to make this a rare moment in the heart's history. Love triumphs over age and death. Yet in the background there is always the looking in the glass, the reflections in the mirror, so often evoked in these sonnets, which cast back one's own face beated and chopped with tanned antiquity, and the fair youth's face which must go the same way in the end.

There may well be a significance in the number alone of this sonnet, since multiples of 11 seem to exercise some sort of fascination for the writer. Thus 77 and 88 both step aside to look into the future, 66 renounces the world completely, 55 takes a grand and distant view of the passage of time. Although 33, 44 and 99 do not seem to have any special significance, (but see the commentary to 99 for its dating significance), it may be simply that we fail to see it, or that these numbers are not deemed to be as critical as the others and the various climacteric ones, such as 63, 70 and 81.

Note:

1. My glass = my mirror. The mirror reflecting back an ageing face should tell the person who looks into it that he is old, as in 62, quoted below. Looking glasses are mentioned in the following sonnets: Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest 3; My glass shall not persuade me I am old, 22; But when my glass shows me myself indeed,/ Beated and chopp'd with tann'd antiquity, 62; Thy glass will show thee how thy beauties wear, 77; Look in your glass, and there appears a face/ That over-goes my blunt invention quite, 103; I have not included double references where the word occurs twice in a single sonnet. glass in 5 refers to a glass vial. In 126 I believe it refers to an hour glass.

2. are of one date = are both of the same age. youth here must be construed as an abstraction which remains permanently youthful. Each person for a short time is of the same age as youth, until he/she grows on, leaving youth behind.

3. time's furrows = the wrinkles which time creates in the forehead as one ages. They are like the parallel lines or furrows created by the plough in a ploughed field. Cf. 63:
When hours have drain'd his blood and fill'd his brow
With lines and wrinkles
Compare also
O, carve not with thy hours my love's fair brow,
Nor draw no lines there with thine antique pen; 19

4. Then look I = Then I anticipate that.
should expiate = will bring to an end, to the time when it expires. expiate can also have the meaning of redeem, or do penance for sins. It probably has that secondary meaning here, in the sense of paying one's debt 'to time and mortal custom'.

5. All your beauty. It covers him in the sense that he is entirely beautiful. Or as clothing covers the body. Hence it becomes the raiment of the next line.

6. seemly raiment = decorous garments, clothing, adornment.
Seemly = suitable, restrained, decorous, in that nothing appertaining to the youth is unfitting.

7. Which - the antecedent is my heart, with a backward look at seemly raiment and all that beauty.
as thine in me = as your heart lives in my breast. Although by now I think it becomes unclear (intentionally so) as to the whereabouts of either's heart or breast.

8. elder = older. Or perhaps an elder person.

9. be of thyself so wary = treat yourself with the like care and concern as I etc.

10. The intermingling of hearts and minds continues. for thee will = will look after myself, for you, since I and you are one.

11. which I will keep so chary = which I will treat with as much care and caution (fearing lest I hurt or damage it). chary is used adverbially. OED.8. gives, alongside this example, one from Marlowe:
Thanks, Mephistophilis, for this sweet book, This will I keep as chary as my life. Faust.vi.175.

12. This comparison defines wary and chary above.
faring ill = coming to harm. As in the parallel contrary expression to fare well, meaning to come to no harm, which became so common as to be used as a formula at parting.


13. Do not assume that when my heart dies, yours will survive. In slain there is a suggestion of the harm that a lover can do.
Kill me with spites, yet we must not be foes. 40
Use power with power, and slay me not by art, 139.

14. This anticipates 116
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments,
and other sonnets. The giving of love is not a conditional gift.