研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(二)
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D）Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（5 points）
They must have been enjoying themselves there，or they _____ so long.
A）can't have stayed
B）wouldn't have stayed
C）needn't have stayed
D）couldn't stay
No two people can be half an hour together _____ one shall gain an evident superiority over the other.
A）but
B）when
C）if
D）because
By the time you arrive home，I _____ for several hours，so please don't make a noise when you come in.
A）shall be sleeping
B）shall have slept
C）shall sleep
D）shall have been sleeping
Just as no two words are truly synonoyms， _____ no two different expressions，or ways of expressions，can mean exactly the same thing.
A）so
B）as
C）that
D）therefore
One should never lose one's heart when _____ with temporary difficulties.
A）being confronted
B）confronted
C）having been confronted
D）confronting
Rather than _____ everything to the last minute，he always prefers to start early.
A）leave
B）to leave
C）leaving
D）leaves
_____ about one million years ago，the fossil record shows an accelerating growth of human brain.
A）Starting
B）Having started
C）Having been started
D）Being started
Public goods are those commodities _____ enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded.
A）in which
B）whose
C）from whose
D）in whose
Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication _____ to follow other pursuits.
A）it was possible for humans
B）was it possible for humans
C）were humans possible
D）possible for humans it was
Very few will doubt that it is science that has at once quickened the demand for general education in modern times _____ made the education itself effective.
A）as well as
B）but also
C）and also
D）and
Section B
Directions： Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A，B，C and D）Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（5 points）
You can't avoid stress in modern life. Attempting （A） to do it （B） would （C） create stress by yourself （D） .But you can find better ways to cope with it.
Neither the President nor （A） the members of the Cabinet wishes （B） to comment （C） on the matter at this moment （D） .
Opposed to （A） the idea that we use （B） gasoline for rapid transit development gives （C） me a springboard for （D） my candidacy.
He visited （A） the British Museum， where （B） he spent half his time not attracted （C） by the museum itself，but by its extensive library facilities for （D） scientific research.
I couldn't live （A） till today without my grandmother and she would not （B） survive in her later days （C） without me.Both my grandmother and I rely on each other so as to （D） exist in this world.
Proof?reading is uninteresting （A） ， still less （B） so （C） when it is one's （D） own work.
One third （A） of cancers are （B） preventable，while a further third can be routinely （C） cured if it is detected （D） early，according to a recent WHO report.
To quote from （A） Albert Einstein，science is the attempt （B） to make the chaotic diversity （C） of our sense experience correspond to a logical uniform （D） system of thought.
Iron （A） is not the most abundant metal on earth （B） nor is one （C） with （D） the oldest tradition.
Teachers themselves （A） are often judged by examination results and，instead of teaching their subjects，they are reduced （B） to train （C） their students in （D） exam techniques.
Section C
Direction： Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D）Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
The father was thoroughly dishonest and the son _____ him.He has already been in the courts for stealing.
A）seeks after
B）takes after
C）gets the best of
D）counts on
I took the children to the Zoo today to _____ the party they missed the other day.
A）provide for
B）look for
C）take delight in
D）make up for
They were having a violent quarrel but _____ when I came in.
A）broke up
B）cut off
C）broke off
D）hung up
Children used to _____ their parents；now they are inclined to regard them as equals.
A）turn on
B）look up to
C）stand up for
D）hang on to
In some child?centered families，the children and their possessions take over most of the house，and the younger ones often make _____ demands upon their parents' money and time.
A）exceeding
B）extensive
C）exclusive
D）excessive
You may as well visit Japan in April，when cherry flowers are _____ .
A）in good season
B）in full bloom
C）in nature
D）in great demand
The secrete of remaining young in spite of old age and white hair is to _____ enthusiasm.
A）reserve
B）persist
C）preserve
D）retail
It was because the ten major building projects were designed，built and fully completed _____ ten months that it was considered to be a miracle.
A）in a matter of
B）ahead of time
C）at most
D）in advance
Whatever the reason，once you find yourself in a bookstore，the desire to pick up a book with an attractive cover is _____ ，although you may end up with a rather dull book.
A）indispensible
B）inevitable
C）irresistible
D）unavoidable
Convinced of the importance of education，modern states“invest” in institutions of learning to get back“interest”in the form of a large group of _____ young men who are potential leaders.
A）enlightened
B）cultivated
C）qualified
D）nourished
Newspapers must not only provide for the reader the facts，pure， _____ objectively selected facts but also supply interpretation，the meaning of the facts.
A）unrevised
B）balanced
C）unprejudiced
D）valid
The period of adolescence may be long or short，depending on social _____ and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.
A）anticipation
B）perspective
C）proposition
D）expectation
I come from a country where for virtually two centuries the people of color have，as a deliberate policy，been _____ the freedom of association，assemble，thought，inquiry and self?expression.
A）deprived
B）denied
C）rejected
D）refused
All we know about the origin of language is that men，unlike animals， _____ invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings，actions and things，so that they could communicate with each other.
A）somehow
B）somewhat
C）anyhow
D）anyway
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and _____ .
A）sensations
B）passions
C）emotions
D）moods
The real poet is a master of words.He can _____ his meaning in words which sing like music，and which by their position and association can move men to tears.
A）transform
B）transmit
C）manifest
D）convey
The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with _____ physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity.
A）sheer
B）thoroughly
C）utterly
D）simply
If no importance is attached to collecting information，we cannot survive in such a（n） _____ competitive society，because it is the basis on which we make our decisions.
A）powerfully
B）forcefully
C）intensely
D）intensively
Cross?country bicycle racing， _____ early in the 20th century in France，was current in the 1920s and became prominent in the 1950s.
A）generated
B）originated
C）sponsored
D）proclaimed
The old woman was suffering from a very serious illness and required special attention _____ the nurses.
A）from
B）about
C）of
D）for
Part II Cloze Test
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D）Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
“Communication” and “information” are without doubt two key words of our time.Any human relationship or any activity implies a process of communication. All knowledge 41 information on what is happening or on what is being said,done or thought. 42 is new today,however,is the scale and development of this phenomenon,and the amount of attention now being 43 to it.Interpersonal communication has been 44 by mass communication, 45 the amount of information transferred and the size of its public. 46 this information is carried by the mass medianewspapers,radio,televisionit 47 the direct control of the user,who is unable to check it,change it or give an immediate 48 .Between these two extreme forms of communicationdirect person?to?person communication and indirect communication between the public and mediumall areas of human activity are 49 a whole series of institutions with the capability and duty of communicating knowledge,including the family,the education system, the system of administration and so 50 .
41.A）consists in B）diviates from C）begins with D）transforms into
42.A）What B）It C）Whatever D）One thing
43.A）paid B）offered C）applied D）extended
44.A）replaced B）supplied C）supplemented D）distorted
45.A）has distinguished B）distinguished by C）to distinguish D）distinguishing
46.A）Even if B）Although C）Since D）No matter how
47.A）avoids B）escapes C）attracts D）repels
48.A）answer B）reply C）reaction D）response
49.A）provided for B）provided in C）provided by D）provided with
50.A）so B）far C）forth D）much
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions： Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked （A）， （B）， （C）， （D）。 Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer ti each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blacking the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil （40 Points）
Passage 1
The Supreme Court's recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction in America's banking operation, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direcion that could at last push Congress into framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to plan their future beyond the next court case.
The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy of the bank failures of the 1930's. The current high rate if bank failure - higher than at any time since the Great Depression - has made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in today's telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial markets. In trying to escape from this restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal law and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The house of Representative's banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sensical, though limited, legislation for a five-year transtion to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of American's suitable banking legislation.
The author's attitude towards the current banking laws is best described as one of _____ .
A）concerned dissatisfaction
B）tolerant disapproval
C）uncaring indifference
D）great admiration
Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking laws of the 1930's are still on the book？
A）The bank failures of the 1930's were caused by restrictive courts.
B）Banking has not changed in the past 50 years.
C）The banking system is too restrictive，but no alternatives have been suggested.
D）Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.
The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be _____ .
A）gradual，so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger banks
B）postponed，until the consequences can be evaluated
C）immediate，because we cannot afford any more bank failures
D）accelerated，to overcome legislative fear
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage？
A）The current banking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to be useful to today's banks.
B）Although there are currently many bank failures，the nature of banking has not really changed that much.
C）Money?center banks currently have too much power as compared with the regional banks.
D） Because current laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs, banks have been forced to take needless and dangerous risks.
Passage 2
The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's resources has brought the whole world to the drink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but slao of the earth's atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.
Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.
This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.
This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need ti reassess our present course, to change that coursem and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a preiceless opportunity.
To grasp itm we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us - and the world - a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by - product of the ambitions of the oil-rpoducing countries, no environmentalists' mere fears, no by-product of any present system of goverment. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world's children and future generation.
Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities？
A）Lack of financial planning.
B）The breakup of the family.
C）Natural disasters in many regions.
D）The excessive growth of motors.
According to the author,what is one example of our loss of morality?
A）Disregard for law.
B）Lack of devotion.
C）Lack of cooperation.
D）Exploitation of resources
By comparing past problems with present ones，the author draws attention to the _____ .
A）significance of this crisis
B）inadequacy of governments
C）similarity of the past to the present
D）hopelessness of the situation
What contribution does the author feel people must now make？
A）Search for new energy sources.
B）Outlaw motor transportation.
C）Accept a new life style.
D）Adopt a new form of government.
Passage 3
More and more, the operations of our businesses, goverments, and financial insitutions and controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his purpose can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a growing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crime that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other secrity procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to puch extra cards. Investingation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too ofen, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the publicfound out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open courtof how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations ha needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
It is implied in the third paragraph that _____ .
A）most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
B）the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C）most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D）many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？
A）A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
B）Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
C）Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D）Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught？
A）With a bad reputation they can hardly find other jobs.
B）They may walk away and easily find another jobs.
B）They will be denied access to confidential records.
D）They must leave the country or go to jail.
The passage is mainly about _____ .
A）why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
B）why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections
C）how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers
D）why computer crimes can't be eliminated
Passage 4
In 1967,in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports ofasbestos? related deaths,the National Medical Research Council organised a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.
After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management,the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos.The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada.Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibres,they concluded,was directly responsible for the development of cancers,asbestosis and related diseases.Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management,however,the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials,asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
As a result,the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments.They recommended that,where possible,asbestos?free materials should be employed.In cases where asbestos was employed,it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres were less likely to enter the air.The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos.Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved.The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors.In addition,dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air.Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and,where possible,the use of the latter was recommended.
A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment.When work takes place in an enclosed space,more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used.By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.
Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer _____ .
A）only when asbestos is used in building industry
B）only when it is used in large quantities
C）even if it is used in small quantities
D）if they are used when wet rather than dry
Exposure to asbestos fibres is harmful to people's health _____ .
A）so the use of asbestos is limited
B）but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to come
C）so other new kinds of materials are under development
D）but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used
It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from _____ .
A）the asbestos dust that people take in
B）the contact of the worker's skin with asbestos particles
C）the inferior quality of the asbestos itself
D）the excessive use of man?made asbestos material
Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that _____ .
A）exposure to asbestos fibres is cancer?causing
B）asbestos is in extensive use in building industry
C）use of asbestos is being reduced gradually
D）exposure to asbestos fibres can be reduced significantly
Passage 5
A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals.This isn't easy,marriage has always been difficult.Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time?Yes,our modern social fabric is thin,and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self?discipline that marriage requires.They expect easy joy,like the entertainment on TV,the thrill of a good party.
Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice,not dreadful self?sacrifice of the soul,but some level of compromise.Some of one's fantasies, some of one's legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself.“While all marital partners feel shackled（受束缚）at times,it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds”，says Dr.Whitaker.Marriage requires sexual,financial and emotional discipline.A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse,cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing.
A divorce is not an evil act.Sometimes it provides salvation（拯救）for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness.Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon's knife,a step toward new health and a good life.On the other hand,if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy,they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals（教堂）of the world.Marriages that do not fail but improve,that persist despite imperfections,are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.
According to the author,an ideal marriage life _____ .
A）requires considerable sacrifice on both partners
B）requires that the couple be emotionally involved
C）allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individuals
D）is only an illusion in today's society
In Paragraph 2,the word“legitimate”most probably means _____ .
A）lawful
B）biological
C）personal
D）reasonable
In the author's opinion,a divorce is not an evil act _____ .
A）if the marital life is imperfect
B）if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons
C）if the couple later get married again and find real love
D）if the couple live far away from each other
The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today is that _____ .
A）people have too many sources of entertainment
B）people have less internal restraints
C）people no longer enjoy family life as they did before
D）people do not want to be confined by marital ties
Part IV English?Chinese Translation
Direction:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.（15 points）
Even though she was blind and deaf,Helen Keller was a woman with an extraordinary social vision.（71） When most women's rights activists were working for the right to vote,Helen Keller advocated action that was more direct and more immediate than the vote. In 1911,speaking in England where women had the right to vote,she said:“Our democracy is but a name. We vote?What does that mean?It means that we choose between two bodies of real,though not avowed,autocrats…You ask for votes for women.（72） What good can votes do when ten?eleventh of the land of Great Britain belongs to 200000 men and only one?eleventh to the rest of the 40000000? Have your men with their millions of votes freed themselves from this injustice?”
（73） When she became active and openly socialist,a New York city newspaper,the Brooklyn Eagle,which had previously treated her as a heroine,criticized that her misguided socialism had somehow developed from her blind and deaf condition. She replied that when once she met the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle,he had complimented her lavishly:“But now that I have come out for socialism,he reminds me and the public that I am blind and deaf and especially liable to error.”She added:“Oh,ridiculous Brooklyn Eagle!What an ungallant bird it is!（74） Socially blind and deaf,it defends an intolerable system,a system that is the cause of much of the physical blindness and deafness which we are trying to prevent. The Eagle and I are at war.I hate the system which it represents…When it fights back,let it fight fair…It is not fair fighting or good argument to remind me and others that I cannot see or hear.I can read.I can read all the socialist books I have time for in English,German and French.If the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle should read some of them,he might be a wiser man,and make a better newspaper.（75） If I ever contribute to the socialist movement, the book I sometimes dream of;I know what I shall name it:Industrial Blindness and Social Deafness.”
Part V Writing（15 Points）
Directions：
A）Title: Private Cars in China
B）You should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 150 words.
C）Your essay should be written on Answer Sheet II
Outline：
1.Encourage or not encourage private cars
2.Use specific reasons to support your point of view
3.Measures of encouraging or limiting private cars.
研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(二)的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 |
