全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(五)
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（ 10 points ）
During recent years we have heard much about “race”： how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the1phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.
We judge race usually2the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But3you were to remove the skin you could not4anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is5in physical structure. The brain or the internal organs to6a difference.
There are four types of blood. 7types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the8. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will9in size, but this occurs within every race. 10does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain11examined belonged to a person of weak12. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had13brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably14show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 15equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race16civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people,17enable them a behave in a18way.
The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new19is better and higher than anything20the past.
1. A. complete B. full C. total D. whole
2. A. in B. from C. at D. on
3. A. since B. if C. as D. while
4. A. speak B. talk C. tell D. mention
5. A. something B. everythingC. nothing D. anything
6. A. display B. indicate C. demonstrate D. appear
7. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some
8. A. same B. identical C. similar D. alike
9. A. remain B. increase C. decrease D. vary
10. A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So
11. A. ever B. then C. never D. once
12. A. health B. body C. mind D. thought
13. A. big B. small C. minor D. major
14. A. true B. exact C. certain D. accurate
15. A. Provided B. ConcerningC. Given D. Following
16. A. make B. cause C. move D. turn
17. A. and B. but C. though D. so
18. A. ordinary B. peculiar C. usual D. common
19. A. that B. what C. whichever D. whatever
20. A. for B. to C. within D. in
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D? Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1?（40 points）
Text 1
A report on a new software that enables eyes to do the typing appears in Wednesday's edition of the journal Nature. Replacing a keyboard or mouse, eye?scanning cameras mounted on computers have become necessary tools for people without limbs or those affected with paralysis. The camera tracks the movement of the eye, allowing users to “type” on a virtual keyboard as they look at the screen. And now, researchers from the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University say they have developed software that replaces the standard QWERTY keyboard layout with one that is nearly twice as efficient, more accurate and easier on the eyes. Called Dasher, the prototype program taps into the natural gaze of the eye and makes predictable words and phrases simpler to write. Any off?the?shelf camera capable of scanning eye movement can be used with Dasher, though the person must sit fairly still during the interaction.
The letters of the alphabet appear in a single column on the right of the screen, with an underscore symbol to represent a space. Each letter is framed by a colored box. As the user looks at a particular letter on the right side of the screen and drags it to the left with their eyes, another sub?alphabet column begins to emerge inside the box on the right?hand side, along with more letters framed in colored boxes. Dasher is designed to anticipate which letter will be needed, so although the successive sub?alphabet columns are initially very small, the letters or combination of letters that simultaneously appear are most likely to be used next in that sequence. For example, if a person starts with the letter “h,” the language models in Dasher will bring up “a,” “e,” “i,” “o” and “u” in the sub?alphabet box, along with a few other possible combinations like “ello” to form the word “hello.” Each box has a complete alphabet within it, though the first letters to appear have the highest probability of usage. The letters are then placed together to form a sentence on the left side of the screen.
Researchers say people will be able to write up to 25 words per minute with Dasher compared to on?screen keyboards, which they say average about 15 words per minute. With a bit of practice, MacKay said, Dasher offers an easier and more satisfying way for disabled people to communicate, providing them with better tools to write e?mail or create word processor files. MacKay said Dasher could work in most languages.
21. “Paralysis” （Paragraph 1, Line 3） probably means.
A. short?sightednessB. allergyC. inability to moveD. color?blindness
22. With the new software Dasher, people can type with their eyes through .
A. a computer screen with eye?scanning sensors
B. an eye?scanning camera on computer
C. a colored box attached to the computer
D. a regular keyboard with sensors
23. The new method of typing will most benefit those people who .
A. have reading difficultiesB. are physically handicapped
C. are visually incompetentD. do not have a big vocabulary
24. The software Dasher .
A. is able to predict the next sequence of words the user is going to write
B. does not allow the user to move a lot during the interaction
C. has to be used with eye?scanning cameras specially designed for the software
D. can form coherent sentences based on the first word typed by the user
25. People will be able to write as many as words per minute with Dasher.
A. 15B. 20C. 25D. 30
Text 2
Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Court's ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. “We're talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program… only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different,” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non?profit group.
Others say they'll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box,” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of California's Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Monday's ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to…let the （Michigan） voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions,” Connerly said Monday.
Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bush's stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race?neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”。 Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race?neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. “Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate,” says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.
The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non?profit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Monday's ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.
For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be closed?mouthed about admissions policies, many say they don't expect significant changes.
26. It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action is to .
A. discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissions
B. adapt the Supreme Court's ruling to college situations
C. formulate the right policies for college admissions
D. ensure race?neutral programs are set up in college and universities
27.What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that .
A. no admission policies based on race should be implemented
B. minority applicants should be given favorable considerations
C. different standards for admitting minority students should be set up
D. selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies
28.Connerly insists that the Court's ruling should .
A. win approval from Californian voters before it is put in effect
B. be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion poll
C. be applied in some states before it is extended to other states
D. produce the intended practical effect before it is widely accepted
29.What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards affirmative action?
A. Neutrality B.ObjectionC. Approval D. Indifference
30.Which of the following is true about affirmative action according to the text?
A. A vast majority of people support it.
B. The minorities claim it to be a discriminatory policy.
C.The minority students are more likely to welcome it.
D. The Court's decision will certainly change people's attitude to it.
Text 3
What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain,to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics （史诗） informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic （自我陶醉的） personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well?being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, “tortured by selfconsciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for”。 There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.
Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian （极权主义的） societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth — a vision — about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness — in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.
31.In the author's view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the .
A. lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life
B. non?existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take
C. general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be
D. public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms
32.Homer's epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that .
A.the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily
B.the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable
C.the past can help to shape a consensus in the present
D.the past determines social moralities for later generations
33.The asocial personality of Americans results from .
A.the multiracial constituents of the US society
B.the absence of a common religion and ancestry
C.the want of shared myths they possess in life
D.the obstruction of achieving a general agreement
34.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably .
A.an earnest nationalistB.an advanced psychologist
C.a radical reformerD.a social historian
35.The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans .
A.to bring about the uniformity of their culture
B.to diminish their great individual differences
C.to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious
D.to regain the feelings of social values and morale
Text 4
Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat's ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat's habit of falling out of open windows provided the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from highrise apartments in New York City.The average fall was 5.5 stories.Of the 115 cats studied,90 percent survived, including one cat that fell 32 stories on to a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth.Interestingly,cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights.Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries,but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died.
How do cats manage to take falling so easily?For one thing, in comparison to human beings,a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also,a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has.This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance,which slows the fall.The important thing,however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute.Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs pointing downward. The cat's inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling.With the legs pointed downward,the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints.
The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories,at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent.Of the 115 cats the researchers studied,only 1 of 13 that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most of the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone.
36?In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer injuries or die when they fell from.
A.the highest story of the building
B.the lowest story of the building
C.the middle stories of the building
D.the fourth to seventh stories of the building
37?The key to the cat's survival of high falling lies in.
A.its body sizeB.the size of its body surface
C.its body weightD.its posture in the falling
38?Cats that fall from high places.
A.take some time to adjust itself in midair
B.always spread itself as fully as possible
C.look like the shapes of parachutes
D.points their ears to the falling direction
39?The parachute effect starts.
A.in the middle of the cat's fall
B.when its fall reaches the highest speed
C.at the beginning of the cat's fall
D.towards the end of the cat's fall
40?According to the passage,which part of the cat's body touches the ground first when it falls from high buildings?
A?Head.B?Bottom.C?Neck.D?Legs.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. 41）_________________________
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. 42）_______________. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. “Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,” as a scientist has said.
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. 43）_________________________________________________.
44）_____________________________________________________. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.
45）_____________________________________________.And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature. Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as “pests.”
［A］The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.
［B］Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
［C］Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
［D］I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals
indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm.
［E］In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life.
［F］Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
［G］To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
April the 3rd was the day we attempted to reach Mount Everest. The morning saw us all up and rushing about the camp at daybreak. We bumped down the nine miles of dusty track, each clutching a camera or one of the more delicate instruments to our chests in an endeavor to make our bodies absorb as many of the shocks from the bumpy track as possible. The ground staff were already busy on our arrival. 46）The sheds where the aircraft were kept had been opened and the great machines were being manhandled out onto the runway. The bottles of oxygen were carefully placed in their clips and connected to the system. 47） The vertical cameras were fitted and tested, air frames and engines were inspected and tested in every detail.
Pilots and observers cared greatly about their equipment, trying on oxygen masks which they had tried on many times before, readjusted to a nicety. They then rechecked the charts which had been carefully prepared to allow accurately for the increasing wind speeds during the climb—all trying to keep themselves occupied during that tense half?hour wait for the return of the reconnaissance machine.
48）There had been so much preparation for this flight, and there was still so much of the unknown about it, that the crews could not help being slightly affected by the general excitement. Waiting is always unpleasant, and we were all relieved to see the reconnaissance machine diving down through the dust haze. The Air Commodore who commanded it brought welcome news. 49）Though he had been unable to climb above the dust, he had been able to see towards the mountains through the top of the haze and there was a cloudless sky. This was splendid: no cloud to spoil the photography.
We had promised not to attempt the flight if the wind exceeded 40 miles an hour, but this was the first time we had found the wind under 100 miles an hour. 50）We worked out the implications and reckoned that, provided we did not spend more than fifteen minutes at the summit, we could get back inside our petrol endurance. We might wait for days and weeks and not get another opportunity. The Air Commodore weighed the position carefully and gave the word “Go” .
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
You are a secretary in a corporation. Now you are supposed to write a letter to a raw material supplier requiring for detailed information of their products. The letter must involve:
1）express your interest with their product,
2）ask for the detailed information,
3）a wish for possible business cooperation in the future.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Jane Green” instead. You do not need to write the address. （10 points）
Part B
52.Directions:
study the following picture carefully and write an essay to
1）describe the picture and interpret its meaning
2）give your comment on the phenomenon.
You should write about 200 words neatly.
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(五)的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 |
