恩波2006年考研英语冲刺5套卷第二套—2
The aging process may not be the result of a rigid genetic program that in itself dictates longevity. On the contrary, what we see as maximum life span may simply be the complex and indirect result of multiple traits in the organism that are internally tied to normal development. In other words, it is not that the body is somehow pre-programmed to acquire gray hair, wrinkles, or diminished metabolic（新陈代谢的） functions. Rather, these signs of aging are simply telltale side effects of activities of the organism.
Consider the analogy of an “aging car”。 Suppose a distinctive “species” of automobile were designed to burn fuel at a fixed temperature with an efficient rate of combustion（燃烧）。 That specific rate of combustion is required for appropriate acceleration, cruising speed, fuel mileage（油耗）， and so on. But, when the car functions in this way over a period of time, the car also, of necessity, produces certain emission by-products that, over time, begin to clog the cylinders, reduce automotive efficiency, and lead to the breakdown and final collapse of the machine.
In the case of the human “car”， it could be the burning oxygen in normal metabolism generates harmful by-products in free radicals that prove toxic to the organism. What we see here may be a basic trade-off: oxygen is essential for life yet harmful to our eventual well-being. In this view, the human “car” is not intentionally designed to accumulate toxic emissions in order to collapse. But there seems to be no way for the car to function at optimum levels without the destructive by-products.
But suppose we could find some special “fuel additive” that eliminates toxic emissions. Would we then have an “immortal” car? Probably not. Changing the fuel used in your car won't prevent accidents, nor would any fuel additive prevent rusting or the wearing down of springs and shock absorbers. The human “car” analogy, of course, is misleading, because an organism, unlike a manufactured object, has a capacity for repair and self-generation, at least up to certain point. The whole question about why we grow old is finding out why that capacity for self-repair ultimately seems unable to keep up with the damage rate: in short, why aging and death seem to be universal.
26. From the passage, we learn that .
［A］ the aging process becomes quicker as people live longer
［B］ one's life span has nothing to do with his genetic constitution
［C］ aging may not be caused by the body's genetic program
［D］ normal development dictates the maximum age of a person
27. The example of the “aging car” is used to make the point that .
［A］ aging is actually a by-product of the life process
［B］ any car may break down or collapse over time
［C］ no car can function at optimum levels due to inferior fuel
［D］ efficient rate of combustion is most important to the car
28. A “basic trade-off” （Line 3, Para. 3） is a process.
［A］ by which old cars are traded off for new ones
［B］ by which any organism depends on others for oxygen
［C］ through which an organism gets rid of harmful substances
［D］ in which any use carries with it an inherent side effect
29. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
［A］ Aging would never take place if we developed a special fuel additive.
［B］ We would live forever if we developed a magic medicine for longevity.
［C］ Longevity is determined by diverse kinds of factors.
［D］ Nothing can be done to prolong a life when it comes to its natural end.
30. The “human car” analogy is faulty in the way that.
［A］ unlike a person, a car does not have a life span
［B］ a human being has a self-repairing capacity
［C］ no can is expected to last longer than a life
［D］ a car cannot be restored to its original state once damaged
Text 3
The most effective attacks against globalization are usually not those related to economics. Instead, they are social, ethical and, above all, cultural. These arguments surfaced amid the protests in Seattle in 1999 and more recently in Davos, Bangkok and Prague. They say this: the disappearance of national borders and the establishment of a world interconnected by markets will deal a death blow to regional and national cultures, and to the traditions, customs, myths and mores that determine each country's or region's cultural identity. Since most of the world is incapable of resisting the invasion of cultural products from developed countries that inevitably trails the great transnational corporations, North American culture will ultimately impose itself, standardizing the world and annihilating its richness of diverse cultures. In this manner, all other peoples, and not just the small and weak ones, will lose their identity, their soul, and will become no more than 21st-century colonies modeled after the cultural norms of a new imperialism that, in addition to ruling over the planet with its capital, military might and scientific knowledge, will impose on others its language and its ways of thinking, believing, enjoying and dreaming.
Even though I believe this cultural argument against globalization is unacceptable, we should recognize that deep within it lies an unquestionable truth. This century, the world in which we will live will be less picturesque and filled with less local color than the one we left behind. The festivals, attire（穿着）， customs, ceremonies, rites and beliefs that in the past gave humanity its culturally and racially variety are progressively disappearing or confining themselves to minority sectors, while the bulk of society abandons them and adopts others more suited to the reality of our time.
All countries of the earth experience this process, some more quickly than others, but it is not due to globalization. Rather, it is due to modernization, of which the former is effect, not cause. It is possible to lament, certainly, that this process occurs, and to feel nostalgia（恋旧） for the past ways of life that, particularly from our comfortable vantage point of the present, seem full of amusement, originality and color. But this process is unavoidable. In theory, perhaps, a country could keep this identity, but only if—like certain remote tribes in Africa or the Amazon—it decides to live in total isolation, cutting off all exchange with other nations and practicing self?sufficiency. A cultural identity preserved in this form would take that society black to prehistoric standards of living.
It is true that modernization makes many forms of traditional life disappear. But at the same time, it opens opportunities and constitutes an important step forward for a society as a whole. That is why, when given the option to choose freely, peoples, sometimes counter to what their leaders or intellectual traditionalists would like, opt for modernization without the slightest ambiguity.
31. Which of the following is the argument against globalization?
［A］ The world will become a globalized economic entity.
［B］ Cultural identities in some countries will be compromised.
［C］ Transnational corporations will take advantage of the poor countries.
［D］ Poor countries will be dominated by the powerful ones.
32. According to the author,.
［A］ globalization will enrich cultural diversity
［B］ countries should strive to reserve their unique customs and practices
［C］ modernization will succeed in some countries but not in others
［D］ the world will be culturally less diversified because of globalization
33. The author would agree with which of the following statements?
［A］ A country should try to retain its cultural identity in its modernization drive.
［B］ Cultural identity may work against the aspiration for modernization.
［C］ People should understand what may contribute to modernization.
［D］ It's impossible for a country to modernize and keep its cultural identity intact.
34. The author?s main purpose is to.
［A］ discuss globalization and cultural identity
［B］ refute the cultural argument against globalization
［C］ explain why modernization is inevitable
［D］ discuss the consequences of globalization
35. The author mentions the remote tribes in Africa and the Amazon to illustrate .
［A］ the resistance that people put up against globalization
［B］ the marginalization brought forth by globalization
［C］ the importance of self-reliance and self-sufficiency
［D］ the insurmountable difficulty of retaining cultural identity
恩波2006年考研英语冲刺5套卷第二套—2的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 |
