对外经贸09硕士考试初试英语模拟试题及答案—3
（1）The plans for the Shard of Glass have been causing ______________________ among different groups of people concerned with building and preserving buildings.
（2）The proposals to build more skyscrapers in London are not supported by ________________.
（3）Trophy architects are people who design and build ______________ for a cosmopolitan city and win prizes for their designs,
（4）Ken Livingston, London's mayor, believes that skyscrapers enhance a city's ______ in the world .
（5）The newly designed tall buildings have ____________ taken due consideration of London's city skyline and will ____________ the cityscape.
（6）The writer____________ the plans for building the Shard and is cynical about the idea that tall buildings earn a city prestige.
Passage Two （10 points）
Read the following passage and select the best answer to each of the questions below:
The modern multinational corporation is described as having originated when the owner managers of nineteenth-century British firms carrying on international trade were replaced by teams of salaried managers organized into hierarchies. Increases in the volume of transactions in such firms are commonly believed to have necessitated this structural change. Nineteenth-century inventions like the steamship and the telegraph, by facilitating coordination of managerial activities, are described as key factors. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century chartered trading companies, despite the international scope of their activities, are usually considered irrelevant to this discussion: the volume of their transactions is assumed to have been too low and the communications and transport of their day too primitive to make comparisons with modern multinationals interesting.
In reality, however, early trading companies successfully purchased and outfitted ships, built and operated offices and warehouses, manufactured trade goods for use abroad, maintained trading posts and production facilities overseas, procured goods for import, and sold those goods both at home and in other countries. The large volume of transactions associated with these activities seems to have necessitated hierarchical management structures well before the advent of modern communications and transportation. For example, in the Hudson's Bay Company, each far-flung trading outpost was managed by a salaried agent, who carried out the trade with the Native Americans, managed day-to-day operations, and oversaw the post's workers and servants. One chief agent, answerable to the Court of Directors in London through the correspondence committee, was appointed with control over all of the agents on the bay.
The early trading companies did differ strikingly from modern multinationals in many respects. They depended heavily on the national governments of their home countries and thus characteristically acted abroad to promote national interests. Their top managers were typically owners with a substantial minority share, whereas senior managers' holdings in modern multinationals are usually insignificant. They operated in a preindustrial world, grafting a system of capitalist international trade onto a premodern system of artisan and peasant production. Despite these differences, however, early trading companies organized effectively in remarkably modern ways and merit further study as analogues of more modern structures.
1. The author's main point is that
（A） modern multinationals originated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the establishment of chartered trading companies
（B） the success of early chartered trading companies, like that of modern multinationals, depended primarily on their ability to carry out complex operations
（C） early chartered trading companies should be more seriously considered by scholars studying the origins of modern multinationals
（D） scholars are quite mistaken concerning the origins of modern multinationals
2. According to the passage, early chartered trading companies are usually described as
（A） irrelevant to a discussion of the origins of the modern multinational corporation
（B） interesting but ultimately too unusual to be good subjects for economic study
（C） analogues of nineteenth-century British trading firms
（D） rudimentary and very early forms of the modern multinational corporation
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would characterize the activities engaged in by early chartered trading companies as being
（A） complex enough in scope to require a substantial amount of planning and coordination on the part of management
（B） too simple to be considered similar to those of a modern multinational corporation
（C） as intricate as those carried out by the largest multinational corporations today
（D） often unprofitable due to slow communications and unreliable means of transportation
4. The author lists the various activities of early chartered trading companies in order to
（A） analyze the various ways in which these activities contributed to changes in management structure in such companies
（B） demonstrate that the volume of business transactions of such companies exceeded that of earlier firms
（C） refute the view that the volume of business undertaken by such companies was relatively low
（D） mphasize the international scope of these companies' operations
5. With which of the following generalizations regarding management structures would the author of the passage most probably agree?
（A） Hierarchical management structures are the most efficient management structures possible in a modern context.
（B） Firms that routinely have a high volume ofbusiness transactions find it necessary to adopt hierarchical management structures.
（C） Hierarchical management structures cannot be successfully implemented without modern communications and transportation.
（D） Modern multinational firms with a relatively small volume of business transactions usually do not have hierarchically organized management structures.
6. The passage suggests that modern multinationals differ from early chartered trading companies in that
（A） the top managers of modern multinationals own stock in their own companies rather than simply receiving a salary
（B） modern multinationals depend on a system of capitalist international trade rather than on less modern trading systems
（C） modern multinationals have operations in a number of different foreign countries rather than merely in one or two
（D） the overseas operations of modern multinationals are not governed by the national interests of their home countries
7. The author mentions the artisan and peasant production systems of early chartered trading companies as an example of
（A）an area of operations of these companies that was unhampered by rudimentary systems of communications and transport
（B） a similarity that allows fruitful comparison of these companies with modern multinationals
（C） a positive achievement of these companies in the face of various difficulties
（D） a characteristic that distinguishes these companies from modern multinationals
8. The passage suggests that one of the reasons that early chartered trading companies deserve comparison with early modern multinationals is
（A）the degree to which they both depended on new technology
（B）the similar nature of their management structures
（C） similarities in their top managements' degree of ownership in the company
（D） their common dependence on political stability abroad in order to carry on foreign operations
参考答案
Part one
1 1~5 ACACB 6~10 BBDBC
2 1~5 ACCCC
Part two
1 call 2 has fallen 3 rise 4 be measured 5 needed 6 only 7 ahead 8 possibly 9 in 10 unimagined 11 produce 12 requirement 13 instead of 14 be valued 15 cast
Part three
1~7 EBDCGFA
Part Four
Passage One
1 for 2 what 3 of 4 will 5 such
6 element 7 it 8 by 9 for 10 more
Passage Two
1 in 2 as 3 it 4 who 5 had
6 by 7 which 8 in 9 up 10 on
Part Five
Section One
1 exhibition 2 bread 3 hair 4 least 5 polish
6 ear 7 fair 8 few 9 white 10 abreast
Part Six
Passage One
1 disputes and debates
2 market demands for offices space
3 landmark building
4 prestige
5 not/ not blend well into
6 is skeptical
Passage Two
1~7 CAAABDDB
对外经贸09硕士考试初试英语模拟试题及答案—3的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 | 
