2006年考研英语英译汉试题练习精选
一、中级英译汉试题练习精选语段40段
1. It has been 20 years since Don Diego de la Vega successfully fought Spanish ** in Alta California as the legendary romantic hero Zorro. Imprisoned for two decades, he now must find a successor to stop Don Rafael Montero —— the powerful, former Spanish governor of Alta California who cost de la Vega his freedom his wife and his daughter, is making plans to purchase California from Mexico's president, General Santa Anna. Alejandro Murieta, a bandit with a troubled past, is transformed by de la Vega into a new Zorro who he hopes will help him foil Montero's schemes once and for all. The new Zorro assumes de la Vega's mantle and enters into a romantic relationship with a woman close to his predecessor's heart.
2. If the boss's chair has no arms （which is usually the case with the visitor's chair）， he will probably be seen with one or both feet on the desk. If his superior enters his office, it is unlikely that the boss would take an obvious territorial （ownership） posture but would resort to more subtle gesture such as putting his foot on the lower drawer of his desk or placing his foot hard against the legs of the desk to stake his claim of the ownership.
3. Such gestures can be quite annoying if they are found during negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to a different position, because the longer he stays in the leg?over?chair or feet?on?desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent or hostile attitude. An easy way to do this is to hand him something and ask him to look at it, thus forcing him to change his position.
4. As I have said many times, engagement is not the same as endorsement. We continue to have sharp differences with China, but we also believe that the best way to narrow those differences is by raising them vigorously and discussing them honestly: as President Clinton did not only in private, but openly before the Chinese people and the world.
5. For many decades, I felt equally at home whether in China or in the United States. I was as proficient in taking the New York subway as I was in cycling down a Beijing street. I could one day be staying with a poor peasant family, partaking with them their meals of steamed sorghum buns and dried cabbage and sleeping in their horse shed, and on the next I might be flying abroad on a Boeing 747 and then having dinner at the Waldorf?Astoria and be equally at ease in both places and with both hosts.
6. Throughout my life, I have wanted to excel in whatever were my pursuits. But my abilities and innate intelligence are no better than above?average and whatever I was able to accomplish was largely because of good luck and patrons who gave me just the right push at the right time. In 1956, I became Premier Chou En?lai's English interpreter and I remained at that post for 17 years. During that time, in addition to accompanying the Premier in his many visits abroad, I took part in the interpretation and translation work for the Kissinger and Nixon visits to China. I then served consecutively as Counselor in the Chinese Liaison Office in Washington, D. C., Deputy Director of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences and then Deputy Director of the Department of American and Oceanic Affairs of the Foreign Ministry, Minister?Counselor in the Chinese Embassy in the United States of America, Ambassador to Fiji, Kiribati and Vanuatu, Ambassador to the Court of James's in London, and Under?Secretary?General of the United Nations.
7. Jefferson adhered to his belief “that knowledge is power, that knowledge is safety, and that knowledge is happiness.” Jefferson's last years were brightened by outcome of the most important enterprise that he attempted after he left the presidency. It was a project that claimed his most intense interest, effort, and devotion and one that in its fruition left to him his greatest monument: the establishment of the University of Virginia. He wanted a university “on a plan so broad and liberal and modern, so as to be worth patronizing with the public support, and be a temptation to the youth of other States to come and drink of the cup of knowledge and fraternize with us.”
8. A few weeks after the opening of the university, Jefferson wrote that he was “closing the last scenes of life by fashioning and fostering an establishment for the instruction of those who are to come after us.” He hope its influence on their virtue, freedom, fame, and happiness, will be salutary and permanent. He would remain active in the affairs of the university until the end of his life, attending his last board meeting only three months before his death, and he would regard his role in founding the university as one of the greatest accomplishments of his life.
9. Mr. President, I'm very glad to have this opportunity to ask you a question. With a friendly smile you have set foot on the soil of China and you have come to the campus of Beida, so we are very excited and honored by your presence, for the Chinese people really aspire for the friendship between China and the United States on the basis of equality.
10. When the Soviet Union went away, Russia had to decide how to define its greatness. Would they attempt to develop the human capacity of the Russian people and work in partnership with their neighbors for a greater future, or would they remember the bad things happened to them in the past 200 years and think the only way they could be great would be to dominate their neighbors militarily? They chose a forward course. The world is a better place.
11. You ask me, do I really want to contain China? The answer is no. The American people have always had a very warm feeling toward China that has been interrupted from time to time when we have had problems. But if you go back through the history of our country, there's always been a feeling on the part of our people that we ought to be close to the Chinese people. And I believe that it would be far better for the people of the United States to have a partnership on equal, respectful terms with China in the 21st century than to have to spend enormous amounts of time and money trying to contain China because we disagree with what is going on beyond our borders. So I do not want that. I want a partnership. I'm not hiding another design behind a smile, it's what I really believe.
12. Sandwich, the snack of two slices of buttered bread with a filling, is named after the English diplomat John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich （1718 ~ 1792）， who was such an impulsive gambler that, preferring not to interrupt his game by leaving the gaming table to eat, would order his valet to bring food to his table. The Earl was brought food of cold beef between two slices of bread. Soon the snack became widely known as a sandwich.
13. This year, we have made great progress on our pledge to ensure that every 8?year?old can read, every 12?year?old can log on to the Internet, every 18?year?old can go on to college. In the bill I signed last week, we helped to build a citizen army of reading tutors, which nearly doubled our investment in education technology; we expanded public school choice and competition and we provided the largest increase in Pell Grant scholarships in two decades. As we raise standards for our children, we are also providing them with the tools they need to meet the challenge and seize the opportunities of the 21st century.
14. Michael Bolton grew up idolizing such pioneers of R&B as Ray Charles and Otis Redding. Blessed with an incomparable voice and a keen song?writing ability, he began hitting radio playlists in 1983 with “Fool's Game” for his self?titled Columbia Records album debut. After the release of The Hunger （1987）， fans and critics began to take notice of this fast emerging talent, but it was 1989's multi?platinum Soul Provider, with hit singles like the Grammy?winning “How Am I Supposed To Live Without You” and the title track, that catapulted Michael to the upper echelon of pop music luminaries.
15. Jefferson never recovered from the burden of debt with which he ended his public career. His daughter Martha's fervent wish that her father not be harassed by debt in his old age was never realized. On the contrary, nothing intruded more upon the tranquility of his declining years. Jefferson's financial situation —— like his health —— continued to deteriorate with each passing year, and in the final year of his life it was exacerbated by the bankruptcy of his son?in?law Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., which left him to provide for all the expenses of his daughter and his unmarried grandchildren.
16. The Prime Minister of Nepal H.E. Acharya was in Beijing at the invitation of Premier Zhou En?lai on a state visit. As was the case with Prime Minister U Nu of Burma and Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo of Indonesia when they were on their state visits to China, I was assigned to be an interpreter to the delegation. But radically different from the previous occasions, when my duties were but to interpret for the lowest of the low on those delegations, that is, taking the body guards and personal servants of the dignitaries shopping or entertaining them while their principals were meeting with our state leaders by interpreting Chinese movies for them, this time, as I was informed by the Protocol, I was going to interpret for both Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister Acharya, and I was going to sit at the first table with the two Prime Ministers and not at the last table with the servants. This was the first time in my life that I was entrusted with a job of such great importance.
17. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior, including gambling, drugs, etc. Large?city urbanites are also more likely than their small?town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so?called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
18. Jack comes home from work one day to find his dog with the neighbor's pet rabbit in his mouth. The rabbit is dead and Jack is shocked. He's afraid that the neighbor is going to hate him forever, so he takes the dirty, chewed up rabbit into his house and gives it a bath, blow?dries its fur and puts the rabbit back into the cage at the neighbor's house, hoping they will think it died of natural causes. A few days later, the neighbor is outside and asks Jack, “Did you hear that fluffy died?”
19. With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life.
20. Music resources on the Internet isn't a flashy Web site; it is just five or six pages of text with links. But with a total of nearly 2,000 links, it is a very good place to start your search for musical information on the Web. Music Resources focuses primarily on Western classical music, but the site has something for almost everyone: fan pages for bands you have never heard of （and for bands you love）， record company web sites, scholarly papers, cool instruments from all over the world, discographies of your favorite jazz musicians. If they'd only add a search engine Music Resources on the Internet would be just about perfect. Access to Music Resources on the Internet: http: //www.music.indiana.edu/music?resources/
21. Although their missions blended commercial and political?military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognito. And with doubtful prospects for a short?term financial return, with the cold war rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface.
22. In April 1995, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and France held a summit conference in Geneva. The question of nuclear weapons inspection was an important item on the agenda. The US, Britain and France adopted a common stand, agreeing to certain stipulations on inspection of nuclear weapons, but the Soviet Union made it clear that they were opposed to stipulations of any sort on nuclear weapons inspection, regarding them as virtually a violation of their sovereignty and therefore totally unacceptable.
23. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye?on?the?consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
24. Life went on. Ground was broken for the new house on a blue?and?gold day in December. The quads were old enough to stand, and each was given a little gilded shovel to mark the occasion. Many friends and neighbors were there, and the mayor of Swainsboro put our feelings into words: “We hope that when these babies are grown, they will look at this house and understand how much their father was respected and admired by everyone who knew him.”
25. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
26. Originally this vast area lying to the west of Place de la Concorde was swamp land. After its proclamation, in 1667 it was turned into a wide avenue called Grand?Cours, reaching from the Tuileries as far as Place de Gaulle. At the beginning of the avenue are the horses of Marly; from this point as far as the Ronde Point of the Champs Elysees the avenue is flanked by a park. At the time of the Second Empire, this became the most fashionable meeting?place and upper?class residential area in all Paris. Today it may no longer have its onetime aristocratic character, but it has lost nothing of its beauty and elegance; luxurious shops, theatres, famous restaurants and important airline offices line its wide footpaths, which are always full of Parisians, tourists and a cosmopolitan throng.
27. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us —— hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”， and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life —— from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.
28. Because the changes in world climate will be rapid, natural ecosystems —— wetlands, rain forests, savannas —— may be unable to adapt. Animals and plants that have evolved to live under a certain set of climate conditions will suddenly face different circumstances. Many will go extinct. And the potential for deadly disease outbreaks will rise: warming waters will be more hospitable to germs like those that cause cholera; disease carriers such as the Aedes aegypti mosquito may find they can survive nicely in places like northern Europe and the U.S., making illnesses such as malaria more widespread.
29. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.
30. The good news is that this gloomy scenario may galvanize the world's governments into taking serious action. The first line of attack, says Florentin Krause, an IPCC contributor and director of the California —— based International Project for Sustainable Energy Paths, should be “no regrets” actions —— changes that will be beneficial no matter how much of a threat global warming turns out to be. Among them: promoting the use of energy efficient appliances and cars.
31. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position.
32. No one much likes the idea of thawing out one of the clone kids to harvest its organs, but according to Andrew Kimbrell, author of The Human Body Shop, in the past few years an estimated 50 to 100 couples have produced babies to provide tissue for an existing child. Plus there is already a thriving market in Third World kidneys and eyes. Is growing your own really so much worse than plundering the bodies of the poor? Or maybe we'll just clone for the fun of it. If you like a movie scene, you can rewind the tape, so when Junior II? Sooner or later, among the invitro class, instant replay will be considered a human right.
33. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter?of?fact observation.
34. It is also worth pointing out that 1996 JA1 is hardly unique. Neighboring space teems with many more so?called Near Earth Objects, asteroids and comets with orbits that pass close to Earth's path around the sun. More than 100 NEOs big enough to cause the kind of worldwide disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs （a kilometer across or larger） have already been identified and charted, but Eleanor Helin, an astronomer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, notes that an estimated 2000 more of these mountain?size bulks may be lurking undetected out there, to say nothing of a few hundred thousand smaller but still worrisome boulder?size objects.
35. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well?planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces.
36. The strain of HIV that popped up in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral replication. In fact, the virus is missing so much of this particular gene?known as nef, for negative factor —— that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough, while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —— white blood cells that are critical to the immune system's ability to ward off infection —— it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence.
37. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feel, between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness —— as he sees it —— of citizens, social workers, doctors, law?makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feels is that nine?tenths of their work is re?catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
38. But we are forgetting something. Welfare is a program for poor people, very poor people. African Americans are three times as likely as whites to fall below the poverty level and hence to have a chance of qualifying for welfare benefits. If we look at the kind of persons most likely to be eligible —— single mothers living in poverty with children under 18 to support —— we find little difference in welfare participation by race: 74.6% of African Americans in such dire straits are on welfare, compared with 64.5% of the poor white single moms.
39. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor; only a carbon?chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man's flesh?and?blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.
40. Getting to know someone is a never?ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't very fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well （e.g. secrets and deceptions） may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person （e.g. disclosures and truthful statements）。
二、高级英译汉试题练习4篇
Text 1
The technological revolutions of the last two decades have placed a severe burden on the concept of technology transfer .It is quite clear that the concept has serious limitations; with time, it is not at all clear that its methods have improved or its result progressed.
1.The underlying assumption in“technology transfer” is that the application of new discoveries to the development of new technology through the developed countries produces results which are applicable to underdeveloped countries. Although this assumption has never really been put to a true global test, it is through now clear that this can not be the main means of technological progress in developing areas such as Africa South?East Asian and Latin America, irrespective of its possible in developing areas such as Africa, South?East Asian and Latin America, irrespective of its possible utility elsewhere.2.The question is whether such an outcome is inevitable and inherent in the process or whether it merely reflects the shortage of resources and improper management. It is my contention that“technology transfer” as a vehicle of progress for the developing countries is irreparably flawed and cannot succeed.
The fundamental flaw is that“technology transfer” is cast in the die of a colonial process where through developed countries do things in ways that they find acceptable for their former colonies, the developing countries. 3.Whether the development process is carried out through citizens of the recipient nation or not is irrelevant; the philosophy upon which“technology transfer” is based, beginning with training and ending withapplication, is composed of a set of socio?culturally and economically determined values within the institutionalized fabric of science, which select the questions found to bemeaningful, dictate the preferred research plans and evaluate the significanceonly of the results obtained.
Clearly, technology based on the set of determinants is not likely to be very relevant to the vastly different economic and socio?cultural conditions of developing countries. It will hardly get to the needs of the developing countries, perhaps even serving to slow progress.
4.This situation must be replaced through a new process which might be called“basic knowledge transfer” as part of growth of a forefront science in the developing countries. This approach contains the following features:
Given full access to new scientific discovery at the cutting edge of science, that is, at the region of high?intensity transfer from basic to applied knowledge, the scientists of developing countries can create their own technology transfer from basic to applied.
Scientists in the developing countries, in active dialog with other elements such as government, community and industry, can identify and prioritize problems and develop a practical situation.
5.The problem of internal“technology transfer” will require for each country or region a suitable number of trained scientific specialists; means for maintaining the competency of these leaders will need to be developed through each nation or region.（460 words）
Text 2
This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn?t think so if only you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. 1.The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is through no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you?d think that women belonged to a dif onlyferent species!
On the surface, the comments made through men about women?s abilities seem light?hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in and day out. 2.This apparent light?heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out through statistics. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. 3.We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.
4.Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can not do. Top?level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled through men, who jealously guard their so?called“rights”。 Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven?t even been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man?s ability to think clearly!
The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. 5.You can be sure that if only women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries.
Text 3
In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade?restricting and trade?expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this; it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. 1.The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term“protection”。 But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.
2.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes,“The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptable of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism?indeed, protectionists as well as （ if only not more than） free traders stood for laissez-faire （放任政策）。 3.Now, as in the 1930's, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies' satisfaction.”
It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. 4.In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.
5.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum?wage laws, and rent control are through now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
Text 4
Often referred to as“the heart of a factoring organization（代理融资公司），”the credit department is responsible for granting credit to clients'customers and for collecting the accounts receivable purchased through the factor. When factored clients submit customer orders for credit approval, the credit department analyzes the financial condition and credit worthiness of the customer, then makes a decision to approve or decline the order. 1.The department must then monitor the condition of approved customers and collect all due receivables. Careful credit checking and effective collection procedures in this department can greatly reduce the risks inherent in factoring.
As the head of the credit department, the credit manager is responsible for seeing that the department operates effectively. 2.He must develop the factor's credit policies in consultation with senior factoring associates, and he is in overall command of everything from credit and collections to bankruptcy and liquidations. If only the factor is a commercial bank division, the credit manager is a bank vice president, and credit policy must also be approved through top management of the bank.
3.Assisting the credit manager may be several supervisors who have credit responsibilities of their own and who also oversee the analysis and approval of customer orders through the credit specialists. Credit supervisors typically spend about eighty percent of their time handling large customer orders. If only a customer order exceeds a supervisor's credit authority, he is responsible for making recommendations to the credit manager. A supervisor also reviews a subordinate's credit decision if only the subordinate is unsure of the extent of the credit risk or if only a client questions a particular credit decision.
In extremely large credit exposures, supervisor's bear the responsibility for analyzing the credit position of the customers and deciding on credit limits. To do this, they must regularly obtain current data from various credit information sources. They must also have extensive contact with each customer to determine operational performance and progress. Frequently, supervisors are called upon to give advice on what should be done to improve a company's financial condition. 4.Meeting all these responsibilities requires that each supervisor continuously observe and study the industries with which he is concerned, so that he is capable of anticipating market changes which may affect his accounts.
5.A supervisor's major challenge is to maintain a fine balance between the demands of clients that all their customer orders be approved and the questionable financial position of some of the customers. In reviewing any credit decision, a supervisor must be capable of weighing a variety of elements, including the possibility of losing the client, the customer's credit position, and the extent of any possible loss.
第四节译文分析
一、中级英译汉试题练习精选语段40段译文及分析
1.【译文】20年以来，唐·迪戈·德拉贝假装扮成传奇浪漫英雄佐罗，在阿尔塔加利福尼亚成功地反抗了西班牙人的压迫。他在牢中度过了20个春秋，现在必须找到一个接班人，以阻止唐·拉斐尔·蒙特罗向墨西哥总统桑塔·安纳将军购买加利福尼亚的企图。蒙特罗拥有权势，曾是阿尔塔加利福尼亚的前任西班牙州长，是剥夺德拉贝加自由、夺去他妻子和女儿生命的凶手。阿莱汉德罗·穆列塔过去是一名强盗，被德拉贝改造成一个新佐罗。德拉贝希望两人携手彻底挫败蒙特罗的计划。新佐罗重披德拉贝加的战袍，与那位令他的前辈倾心的女人开始了一段浪漫之旅。 （注意定语从句的翻译）
【分析】Imprisoned （过去分词作状语） for two decades, he now must find a successor to stop （不定式做目的状语） Don Rafael Montero — the powerful, former Spanish governor of Alta California （为Montero的同位语） who （定语从句修饰Montero） cost de la Vega his （指de la Vega） freedom, his wife and his daughter, is making plans to purchase California from Mexico's president, General Santa Anna. （48 words）
2.【译文】如果老板的椅子没有扶手（通常来访者的椅子是没有扶手的），别人就会看见他把一只脚或双脚放在办公桌上。如果这位老板的上司走进他的办公室，该老板不可能摆出明显的显示地位（拥有权）的姿势，而是摆出一些更为微妙的姿势以表明他的拥有权，比如把脚放在办公桌较低的抽屉上或把脚使劲贴在办公桌的桌腿上。（注意主语从句的翻译法）
【分析】If his superior enters his office, it is unlikely that （主语从句） the boss would take an obvious territorial （ownership） posture but （复合结构） would resort to more subtle gesture such as putting his foot on the lower drawer of his desk or （or引导两个ing结构） placing his foot hard against the legs of the desk to stake （不定式做目的状语，作谓语动词would resort的状语） his claim of the ownership. （56 words）
3.【译文】在谈判中摆出这种姿势会让人恼怒，你必须让此人改变姿势，因为腿翘在椅上或把脚搭在桌上的时间越长，他那无所谓的或敌对的态度就会拖得越长。一个简单的办法是给他点东西让他看，这样他就不得不改变姿势。（注意区分句子的主干结构）
【分析】Such gestures can be quite annoying if （状语从句） they （指代gestures） are found during negotiation, and it （代词预指，代替 “for … to make”不定式） is vital for you to make the person change to a different position, because the longer he stays in the leg?over?chair or feet?on?desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent or hostile attitude （本原因状语从句中the more …， the more …结构表示“越……，越……”）。 （48 words）
4.【译文】我讲过多次，接触与认同不是一码事。我们同中国仍有很大的分歧，但我们也相信，减少这些分歧的最佳办法是，积极地提出这些分歧，坦诚地讨论这些分歧。克林顿总统不仅私下这样做了，而且也在中国人民和全世界面前公开地这样做了。（注意代词them的理解和翻译）
【分析】We continue to have sharp differences with China, but （复句连词） we also believe that （宾语从句） the best way to narrow （不定式作定语） those differences is by raising them （代词指代those differences） vigorously and （引导两个ing结构，平行结构） discussing them honestly: as （引导方式状语） President Clinton did （代动词，代替raising与discussing部分的含义） not only in private, but （连接两个状语成份） openly before the Chinese people and the world. （46 words）
5.【译文】多年来，不论在美国或在中国我觉得生活得很自在，在纽约坐地铁和在北京街上骑自行车一样地熟练。今天我可以住在一个贫农的家里，同他们一起啃窝窝头、吃干菜、睡在马棚里。第二天，我也许就坐着波音747飞机越过大洋，然后在华尔道夫饭店吃晚饭。虽然地点和主人都不同，但我会感到同样地自在。（注意本语段为叙事模式）
【分析】I could one day be staying with a poor peasant family, partaking （ing分词做状语） with them their meals of steamed sorghum buns and dried cabbage and （引导平行结构，把两个ing分词连在一起） sleeping in their horse shed, and （连接第二个分句，与前文one day呼应） on the next I might be flying abroad on a Boeing 747 and （连接I might部分第二个谓语） then having dinner at the Waldorf?Astoria and （连接I might部分第三个谓语）be equally at ease in both places and with both hosts. （61 words）
6.【译文】我一生中，无论做什么都要做得最好，但我只有中等偏上的能力和资质。我之所以做出些成绩的主要原因是我的好运和我的恩人给我契机。1956年，我成为周恩来总理的英文翻译，一直干了17年。在那期间，我随总理多次出访之外，还参加了为基辛格和尼克松访华的口译和笔译工作。后来，我先后担任了中国驻华盛顿联络处的参赞、外交部国际司副司长、美大司副司长、中国驻美使馆公使衔参赞、中国驻斐济、基里巴斯和瓦努阿图大使、驻英大使和联合国副秘书长。（注意本语段为叙事模式，并注意本段中专有名词的翻译）
【分析】I then served consecutively as Counselor in the Chinese Liaison Office in Washington, D.C., Deputy Director of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences and then Deputy Director of the Department of American and Oceanic Affairs of the Foreign Ministry, Minister?Counselor in the Chinese Embassy in the United States of America, Ambassador to Fiji, Kiribati and Vanuatu, Ambassador to the Court of James's in London, and Under?Secretary?General of the United Nations.（注意复合连词的连接成份）（72 words）
7.【译文】杰斐逊一贯坚信：“知识就是力量，知识就是安全，知识就是幸福。”他离开总统职务后有心创办的那项最重要的的事业有了成果，这让他的晚年又明亮了起来。这就是 他曾经投入最热情的关怀、最大的心血和热诚的工程。工程的实现为他留下的是一座丰碑：创建弗吉尼亚大学。他要建的大学是一所“面非常广、自由空气浓厚和非常现代化的学府，使公众认为值得赞助，也能吸引其他各州的年轻人来共同分享一杯知识之羹，同我们亲如兄弟。” （注意识别so as to这一结构）
【分析】He wanted a university “on a plan so broad and liberal and modern （broad、liberal和modern为a plan的后置定语）， so as to be worth patronizing （动名词结构充当宾语，主动形式表示被动） with the public support, and （与前面的目的状语从句 to be构成平行结构） be a temptation to the youth of other States to come and （连接两个平行结构） drink of the cup of knowledge and fraternize with us.” （45 words）
8.【译文】大学开学数周之后，杰斐逊写道，他“生命的最后历程以创立和扶植一所给后代提供教育的学校来结束。”他希望学校对他们的品德、自由、名声和幸福都起到有益而永久的影响。在最后的日子里，他一直积极参与学校的事务，直至逝世前3个月还出席了他最后一次委员会会议。他认为，创办这所大学是他一生中最伟大的成就之一。（注意情态动词would的翻译）
【分析】He would remain （系动词） active in the affairs of the university until the end of his life, attending （现在分词作伴随状语） his last board meeting only three months before his death, and （连接两个分句he would remain和he would regard） he would regard his role in founding the university as （介词，与regard构成搭配） one of the greatest accomplishments of his life. （46 words）
9.【译文】总统先生，我很高兴有机会向您提问。您带着友好的微笑，踏上了中国的土地，并来到北大校园，因此，您的光临使我们非常激动和荣幸，因为中国人民真正渴望中国和美国在平等的基础上建立友谊。（注意识别和翻译引导两个原因状语从句的连词so和for）
【分析】With a friendly smile you have set foot on the soil of China and （连接两个分句） you have come to the campus of Beida, so （因果状语从句）we are very excited and honored by your presence, for （连词，引导补充性的原因状语从句） the Chinese people really aspire for the friendship between China and the United States on the basis of equality. （52 words）
10.【译文】苏联瓦解的时候，俄罗斯必须决定如何塑造自己的强大。他们是试图开发俄罗斯人民的力量，与邻国合作实现更伟大的未来呢？还是记住自己在过去200年来的不幸遭遇，并认为要使自己伟大的惟一方式就是在军事上主宰邻国呢？他们选择了向前迈进的方针，世界变得更加美好。（注意识别本句中复合连词and和or的使用、断句和翻译）
【分析】Would they attempt to develop the human capacity of the Russian people and work in partnership with their neighbors for a greater future, or （连词，连接两个主要独立分句） would they remember the bad things happened （happened为过去分词，作后置定语，修饰things） to them in the past 200 years and think the only way they could be great would be to dominate （be to dominate为不定式，表示将来的打算） their neighbors militarily? （54 words）
11.【译文】你们问我，我真的希望遏制中国吗？回答是否定的。美国人民对中国总是怀有非常浓厚的感情。这种感情在我们遇到问题时总受到干扰。但是，只要你们回顾我国的历史，我国人民始终认为应当同中国人民保持密切的关系。我认为，如果美国在21世纪以平等和尊重的态度与中国保持合作，而不是由于对我们国界以外发生的事情持不同意见而去花费大量的时间和金钱试图遏制中国，那就会要好得多。因此我不希望遏制中国，而希望建立伙伴关系。我并没有在微笑后而隐藏别的企图，这是我的真实信念。（注意形式主语it和比较状语than的识别和翻译）
【分析】And I believe that it （代词的预指，代替后面的不定式的平行结构） would be far better for the people of the United States to have a partnership on equal, respectful terms with （on … terms为搭配） China in the 21st century than （比较状语，引导平行结构：to have a partnership与to have to spend） to have to spend enormous amounts of time and money trying （与spend构成搭配） to contain China because we disagree with what （引导介词with的宾语从句） is going on beyond our borders. （56 words）
12.【译文】三明治，这种由两片抹上黄油的面包夹馅而成的快餐小吃，因Sandwich（英国一港口地区）的第4任伯爵、英国外交官约翰·蒙塔古而得名。这位外交官是一名狂热的赌徒，不喜欢为了吃饭而离开赌桌中断赌博，于是命令他的随从将食物拿到赌桌上吃。拿上来的食物是夹着冷牛肉的两片面包。很快这种小吃快餐就被众人称为三明治。（注意形式主语it和比较状语than的识别和翻译）
【分析】Sandwich, the snack （snack与sandwich为同位语） of two slices of buttered bread with a filling, is named after （该谓语动词的主语为sandwich） the English diplomat John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich （1718 ~ 1792） （与前面diplomat构成同位语）， who （引导非限制性定语从句，前置词为diplomat） was such an impulsive gambler that, （that引导限制性定语从句，修饰前置词gambler） preferring not to interrupt his game by leaving the gaming table to eat, would order （该谓语动词的主语为定语从句的连词that，注意主谓“that would order”之间出现现在分词结构作为插入语） his valet to bring food to his table. （57 words）
13.【译文】今年我们已取得了巨大进步：我们保证每一个8岁的孩子都能读书，每一个12岁的孩子都能上因特网，每一个18岁的青年都能上大学。在我上周签署的议案中，我们协助建立了一支辅导阅读的公民大军。这个措施几乎是我们在教育技术上的投资的两倍。我们扩大了公立学校的选择范围和竞争机会。我们提高了佩尔·格兰特奖学金金额，增加额是20年以来最高的。我们在提高孩子们的学习标准，我们也在向他们提供他们在21世纪面临挑战、抓住机遇所必需的工具。（注意定语从句的翻译方法；school一词的修饰范围）
【分析】In the bill I signed last week （I signed作the bill的定语）， we helped to build a citizen army of reading tutors, which （which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个分句的内容） nearly doubled our investment in education technology; we expanded public school choice and competition （注意school一词为名词修饰语，修饰后面的choice and competition） and we provided the largest increase in Pell Grant scholarships in two decades. （44 words）
14.【译文】迈克尔·博顿从小就视节奏布鲁斯的先驱人物雷·查尔斯和奥蒂斯·雷丁等为偶像。凭着他天生的无以伦比的嗓音和杰出的歌曲创作天赋，1983年他以《傻瓜游戏》首先在电台打开名气。这首歌出自哥伦比亚唱片公司制作的以他的名字命名的第一张专辑。1987年他的《饥饿》专辑出版后，歌迷和评论家开始注意这位迅速崛起的天才。但把迈克尔送入流行音乐名人榜的则是1989年多白金销量的《灵魂供给者》专辑，其中包括葛莱美获奖单曲《离开你我将怎样生活》以及《灵魂供应者》。（注意强调句型的识别和翻译问题）
【分析】After the release of The Hunger （1987）， fans and critics began to take notice of this fast?emerging talent, but it was 1989's multi?platinum Soul Provider, with hit （hit是名词，修饰singles） singles like the Grammy?winning “How Am I Supposed To Live Without You” and the title track, that （that与前面的it构成强调句型结构） catapulted Michael to the upper echelon of pop music luminaries. （54 words）
15.【译文】杰斐逊结束社会生涯时，始终没有摆脱债务的负担。他的女儿玛莎曾热切地希望父亲老年时不要再为债务困扰，但一直未如愿已偿。相反，在他垂暮之年最扰乱他宁静生活的恰恰是这些债务。杰斐逊的经济情况如同他的身体状况一样每况愈下。到他去世的那年，由于女婿小托马斯·曼·伦道夫破了产，情况更加严重。他得担负女儿和未婚外孙子女的一切费用。（注意破折号引入的插入语的翻译，以及定语从句的翻译）
【分析】Jefferson's financial situation — like his health （破折号引出插入语） — continued to deteriorate with each passing year, and （and引导两个复合结构的分句） in the final year of his life it （代词，指代financial situation） was exacerbated by the bankruptcy of his son?in?law Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., which （which引导非限制性定语从句） left him to provide for all the expenses of his daughter and his unmarried grandchildren. （50 words）
16.【译文】尼泊尔首相阿查利亚目前正应周恩来总理的邀请在北京进行国事访问。同过去缅甸的吴努总理和印度尼西亚的沙斯特罗阿米佐约总理来进行国事访问时一样，我被安排做代表团的翻译。过去几次，上级交给我的任务都是要我在贵宾们同我国领导人会见时，陪同代表团中级别较低的成员，即贵宾们的警卫和侍从去购物或为他们在看电影时当翻译。这次和过去迥然不同。礼仪部门的同志通知我，今天晚上我将不像往常那样坐在最后一桌为侍从们当翻译，而是坐在第一桌同周总理和阿查利亚首相在一起，为两位国家领导人当翻译。这对我来说，还是生平第一次被委以这样的重任。（注意句子越长，越要学会分析出句子的主干。确定了主干之后，再去分析句子的外围结构。）
【分析】But radically different （different为形容词，引出状语部分。从But radically different至by interpreting Chinese movies for them为整个句子的状语部分，主句为I was going to interpret和I was going to sit at部分） from the previous occasions, when （when作连词，充当occasions的定语从句） my duties were but （but作副词，修饰to interpret的不定式结构） to interpret for the lowest of the low on those delegations, that is （that is引出前面的同位语结构）， taking the body guards and personal servants of the dignitaries shopping or entertaining them while （while为连词，引导时间状语从句） their principals were meeting with our state leaders by interpreting Chinese movies for them, this time, as I was informed by the Protocol （as在此分句中充当连词，引出状语从句。此后为整个句子的主干部分）， I was going to interpret for both Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister Acharya, and I was going to sit at the first table with the two Prime Ministers and （连词and引导两个状语部分的平行结构，即at the first table与not at the last table） not at the last table with the servants. （101 words）
17.【译文】例如，社会学家们已经找到了证据，说明社区的大小与赌博、吸毒等坏习性有某些关系。与小地方的居民相比，住在大城市的人更可能有见多识广的观念、更不会受传统的亲戚关系责任所束缚、更可能给左派政治候选人投上一票，以及更可能宽容非传统的宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治组织或所谓不尽人意的东西。作个周全的考虑，我们可以说多样性和违反常规的行为都有可能是人口众多造成的结果。（注意平行结构句在现代英语句法中的普遍使用。分析时注意平行结构所包含的成份，避免遗漏某些成份。）
【分析】Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small?town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and （and引导4个不定式结构，平行结构。在此为be likely to do的搭配。） to be tolerant of （此后为介词of的宾语部分，直到句子的末尾） nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so?called undesirables. （43 words）
18.【译文】一天杰克下班回来，发现自己的狗把邻居的宠物兔子叨在嘴里。兔子已经断气了。杰克吓坏了。他担心邻居会从此怀恨在心，于是他把那被咬得面目全非的兔子拿进屋里，给它洗了个澡，把毛吹干，然后放回邻居的笼子里，希望他们会认为兔子是自然死亡的。几天后，邻居在屋外问杰克，“你听说兔子绒毛死了吗？”（句子的主干构成为连词so引出的结果状语，以及hoping引出的宾语从句。特别注意不能把chewed up理解为谓语，以及对blow?dries作为复合动词的识别。）
【分析】He's afraid that （that引导形容词afraid的宾语从句） the neighbor is going to hate him forever, so he takes the dirty, chewed up （注意chewed up在此作定语，修饰rabbit） rabbit into his house and gives it a bath, blow?dries （blow?dries为复合动词） its fur and puts the rabbit back into the cage at the neighbor's house, hoping （hoping为现在分词结构，充当整句的状语成份。在此省略了引导宾语从句的连词that） they will think（在此省略了宾语从句连词that） it died of natural causes. （52 words）
19.【译文】对火星的探索，科学的利害关系引起了比以往都高的争议。关于火星上是否曾存在生命的问题，是否生命尚存活的问题，都得到了强调——一方面因为已经有大量的证据证明火星曾经拥有稳定的液态水，另一方面因为人们就关于陨石从火星带到地球上的细菌提出的各种说法继续持有争议。不论是过去或现在，对火星上是否存在生命这一问题的更富总结性的回答给研究者们提供了珍贵的资料，以研究在何种条件范围内一颗行星能够产生复杂的使生命存在的化学条件。（注意同位语从句的识别。）
【分析】The issue （issue为句子主句的主语） of whether life ever existed on the planet, and （and连接两个whether结构，充当介词of的宾语从句） whether it （代词it复指前面的life） persists to this day, has been highlighted （has been highlighted为主句的谓语） by mounting evidence that （that引出evidence的同位语从句） the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and （and连接前面的by mounting evidence与后面的by the continuing controversy成为平行结构，作谓语动词的状语） by the continuing controversy over suggestions that （that引出suggestions的同位语从句） the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars. （51 words）
20.【译文】因特网音乐资源并非是一个浮华的网址，而只是五六页的文本链接。但是由于拥有总共将近2000个站址链接，对于你在网上寻找音乐信息，它确是一个好网址。音乐资源首先注重于西方古典音乐，但是也为几乎所有人准备了他们所感兴趣的东西。这些分析有，介绍你从未听说过的乐队（和你所钟爱的乐队）的乐迷主页、各唱片公司的网址、音乐学术文章、世界各地的精彩乐器介绍，以及你所喜爱的爵士乐队的唱片目录等等。如果音乐资源站址能再增加一个网上寻找功能，那么它将无与伦比。进入因特网音乐资源的路径：http: //www.music.indiana.edu/music?resources/ （注意本段中对出现的许多复数名词的译法。此外冒号往往表现一种“一般——特殊”型的模式。）
【分析】Music Resources focuses primarily on Western classical music, but the site has something for almost everyone: （冒号引出同位语结构） fan pages for bands you have never heard of （作bands的定语） （and for bands you love）， record company web sites, scholarly papers, cool instruments from all over the world, discographies of your favorite jazz musicians. （49 words）
21.【译文】虽然这些使命蕴涵着商业和政治军事的必然性，但这些探险者们探索了科学家们从未去过的地方，并对科学做出了很大的贡献。现在火星可能将会成为人类下一个未探明之地。虽然人们对探访火星能否在短期内带来经济利益表示怀疑，但随着人们对冷战记忆的逐渐模糊以及在大型太空探险中更加注重国际合作的情况下，除了利益和民族观念，人类显然有别的动机去探索火星那颗红色的星球，并留下自己的足迹。（注意3个介词短语充当主句的状语成份。）
【分析】And with （介词短语作状语） doubtful prospects for a short?term financial return, with （独立主格结构，作状语） the cold war rapidly fading memory and amid （介词短语作状语） a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it （引出主语从句） is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface. （53 words）
22.【译文】1995年4月，美、英、苏、法在日内瓦举行首脑会议。这次会议的一个重要议题是核武器的核查问题。美、英、法三国采取了相同的立场，共同主张对核武器实行某种核查。而苏联明确表示，反对任何核查规定，认为这种规定实际是侵犯他们的主权，因此绝对不能接受。（注意两个现在分词结构的翻译，以及形式宾语的处理。）
【分析】The US, Britain and France adopted a common stand, agreeing to （现在分词短语作伴随状语） certain stipulations on inspection of nuclear weapons, but the Soviet Union made it （代词的预指，指代后面that从句的内容） clear that they were opposed to stipulations of any sort on nuclear weapons inspection （nuclear weapons inspection为复合名词结构）， regarding （regarding现在分词短语作伴随状语） them （代词them指代前面的复数名词stipulations） as virtually a violation of their sovereignty and therefore totally unacceptable. （51 words）
23.【译文】而营销注重的是顾客的需求。首先分析顾客的偏好和需求，再来生产满足顾客的商品。这种着眼于顾客的策略就称之为营销概念，简单地说就是生产商和经销商不是旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品，而是首先努力获悉顾客的需要，然后再生产可以买到的商品。（注意本句中的连接词较多，应识别其功能和具体翻译的处理方法。）
【分析】This eye?on?the?consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which （which引出非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的concept） simply means that （连词that引出means的宾语从句） instead of trying to sell whatever （连词whatever引出sell的宾语从句） is easiest to produce or buy for resale, （此后为动词means的宾语从句部分） the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and （连词and连接endeavor和go两个动词） then go about making it available for purchase （51 words）
24.【译文】生活在继续进行。在12月那碧空如洗、阳光普照的一天，新房子破土动工了。孩子们已经能够站起来了。为了纪念这个时刻，他们每人得到一把镀金的小铁锹。很多朋友和邻居都来到现场。斯温斯博罗的市长将大家的感受概括为：“我们希望这些孩子长大之后，他们看到这栋房子时会明白他们的父亲得到了所有熟人的尊重和羡慕。”（本句中代词的使用较为频繁，注意搞清其指代关系。）
【分析】Many friends and neighbors were there, and the mayor of Swainsboro put our feelings into words （此处put与into构成搭配）： “We hope that （连词that引导宾语从句） when these babies are grown, they will look at this house and understand how （连词how引导动词understand的宾语从句） much their father was respected and admired by everyone who （连词who引导限制性定语从句，修饰everyone） knew him.” （45 words）
25.【译文】事实上，社会利用了我们情感的反应和态度，比如忠诚感、道德感、自豪感、羞耻感、负疚感、恐惧感、贪婪，来保持其自身的存在。社会给那些从事重要工作的人，比如外科医生，予高薪报酬。把那些从事特殊或危险工作的人塑造为英雄。此外利用民法和刑法法规使人们不敢从事反社会的活动。（注意英语中后置定语在翻译时 的处理问题。）
【分析】It gives high rewards to individuals who （连词who引导限制性定语从句，修饰individuals） perform important tasks such as surgery, makes （为主语it的第二个谓语动词） heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses （为主语it的第三个谓语动词） the legal |
