海文2006年考研英语冲刺模考卷—2
PartA
Directions:
Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 .（40 points）
Text 1
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the permanent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration of consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow lt. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-ranges ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?”
21. What is the passage mainly about.'?
[A] A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
[B] A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
[C] A research on how people make decisions.
[D] Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.
22. Of the following steps, which is the first step towards an optimal decision?
[A]Listing the consequences of each solution.
[B]Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
[C]Deciding which consequences are most important.
[D]Writing down all possible solution.
23. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
[A]has the fewest variables to consider.
[B]uses the most decision worksheets.
[C]carries the greatest value assigned to it.
[D]is agreed to by the greatest number of people.
24. The word “succinct” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
[A]creative.[ B ]satisfactory.[ C ]personal.[ D ]concise.
25. Toward the decision worksheet, the writer's attitude can be said to be
[A]neutral.[ B ]approving[ C ]ambiguous[ D ]biased.
Text2
As the 21st century begins, a number of leaders in politics, education, and other professions believe that the United States must adopt some new values to go along with the older traditional ones. What new values should Americans adopt.? This is very difficult question to answer.Certainly, a greater value should be placed on the conservation of natural resources; Americans should learn to use less and waste less. But conservation has never been a strong value to Americans, who have believed that their country offered an endless, abundant supply of natural resources. Recently, progress has been made-more and more Americans are recycling their paper, cans, bottles, and other goods-but old wasteful habits die hard. Furthermore, the need to protect the environment may conflict with the need for jobs, as in the Northwest, where conservationists battle lumber companies that want to cut down ancient redwood trees. A belief in the value of conservation is still compared with other American values; it can become stronger only as Americans see the need for it more clearly.
In addition, Americans may need to place a strong value on cooperation on a national scale to achieve important national objectives. The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual, maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual. It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and well-being of the entire country. For example, although the majority of Americans believe that it is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit, they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally.
The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Competition sometimes encourages feelings of suspicion rather than the mutual trust that is necessary for successful national cooperation.Although Americans often cooperate successfully on the local level-in neighborhood groups and churches, for example -- they become suspicious when the national government becomes involved. For example, on the national level, they may see themselves as part of an interest group that is competing with other interest groups for government funds. A request by the national government for shared sacrifice may be seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive. However, the demands of the 21st century may compel Americans to place a greater value on national cooperation to solve problems that affect them all, directly and indirectly.
26. The best title of this passage could be
[ A ]Which Is Better, New Value or Old Value?
[ B ]Conservation vs. Need for Jobs.
[ C ]The Need for New National Values.
[ D]Cooperation and Competition.
27. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
[ A ]Some Americans would not accept the value of conservation and environment protection, because this value would probably make them unemployed.
[ B ]Many Americans have been used to wasting, so it will be difficult for them to accept the new value of conservation.
[ C ]Some old values are stilling having a very strong influence on American people, although they are harmful in this new age.
[ D ]Most Americans have fully realized the need to protect the environment, so they have taken measures to recycle junked goods.
28. What is the basis for the American notion of national good?
[ A ]Individual freedom.[ B ]Personal property.
[ C ] National cooperation.[ D ] Both A and B.
29. The author gave an example in the second paragraph in order to
[ A ]emphasize the need to place a stronger value on national cooperation.
[ B ]explain why the American idea has been based on individual freedom.
[ C ]illustrate the fact that Americans will not sacrifice their personal interest for the good of the entire country.
[ D ]support the idea that America needs the spirit of national cooperation to achieve important national objectives in the 21 st century.
30. The value of competition works against the spirit of national cooperation in that
[A]it makes people not believe in the government.
[ B ]it causes people to suspect but not to trust each other.
[ C ]it makes people even unable to cooperate well on local levels.
[ D ]it encourages people to gain success through individual hard work.
海文2006年考研英语冲刺模考卷—2的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 | 
