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考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part1

2012-3-4 17:15| 发布者: as2113711| 查看: 50| 评论: 0

摘要: 考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part1  Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby ...

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part1


  Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour , and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.

  And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.

  Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

  There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.

  If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive----advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

  1. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.

  (A)he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

  (B)everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

  (C)advertising costs money like everything else

  (D)it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

  2. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

  (A)Securing greater fame. (C)Enhancing living standards.

  (B)Providing more jobs. (D)Reducing newspaper cost.

  3 . The author deems that the well-known TV personality is___

  (A)very precise in passing his judgment on advertising

  (B)interested in nothing but the buyers' attention

  (C)correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

  (D)obviously partial in his views on advertising

  4. In the author's opinion, __.

  (A)advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing

  (B)advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

  (C)there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

  (D)the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

  Unit 2(1995)Part 1

  重点词汇:

  know of 知道。I don't know him, but I know of him.我不认识他,但听说过他。

  live up to 做到;不辜负。

  subtly(精细地;微妙地),形容词形式为subtle。

  难句解析:

  ①Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.

  本句的主干非常简单,就是Money is money。重点在于要看清修饰两个money的定语,特别是后面一个修饰语中的as well as。

  理解本句在于了解as well as不是“也”的意思,其中的well就是一个副词表示“好”,修饰过去分词spent,而后面的any指代的是any money。

  ②It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

  本句的主干是It serves… to assist… distribution…,而thereby后面是两个由and连接起来的分词短语作补语,里面又有一个make+it+adj.+to do sth.的结构。

  本句的阅读重点在于理解这几个动词之间的逻辑关系。

  ③APart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

  本句的主干是no regular advertiser dare promote a product,前面是一个aPart from引导的介词结构,介词宾语the fact后面又有一个同位语从句。在主句中,a product后面是一个定语从句hat fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements。

  注意文中acts指的是“法案”,而live up to表示“实现,兑现”的意思。另外aPart from在这里是我们通常所说的“加法”的“除去”。

  ④If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.

  本句是一个条件句,主句的结构比较复杂,注意I know是一个非常短的定语从句,修饰proof,而后面的两个that引导的是两个同位语从句,修饰the surest proof,前面的那个同位语从句中又有一个宾语从句。

  看清本句的基本结构是阅读的重点。同时注意作者对广告抱完全肯定的态度。

  ⑤If its message were confined merely to information — and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive — advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

  本句的主句是一个if引导的虚拟语气If its message were confined merely to information, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention。两个破折号中间的部分是一个补充说明成分。

  看清本句的基本结构是阅读的重点。注意作者使用了虚拟语气,显示了作者认为广告中只出现告知性信息的不可能性。

  试题解析:

  1.【正确答案】[D]

  这句话可直译为:将钱花在广告上是我所知道的好的花钱方式之一。意为:将钱花在广告上好或很值(worthwhile)。该句的非比较级形式为:Money spent on advertising is money spent well.在该句中,any指任何一种好的花钱方式(any money spent well);know of意为:知道,所了解到的。其实,该句所陈述的内容不仅是第一段的主题思想,也是全文旨在说明的问题。在第一段的其他部分,作者就列举了合理的广告带来的诸多方面的益处。

  A意为:他对广告的价格了如指掌。这显然不对。B意为:众人皆知做广告很费钱(money consuming),即:做广告很贵。C意为:像做其他事一样,做广告要花钱。

  2.【正确答案】 [A]

  secure在此意为:取得,获得。A意为:获得更大知名度。这是原文所未提到的。原文第一段历数了广告所带来的诸多益处。它直接有助于产品以合理价格迅速销出(distribution),在稳定国内市场(home market)的同时,使产品能以有竞争力(competitive)的价格出口进入国际市场;它给人以新的消费观,从而大大地提高人们的生活标准;它增加了市场需求(demand),扩大了劳动力(labour)市场,有效地扩大了就业。它使许多公共事业的服务价格低廉,因为,这些服务都可以利用登广告所嫌的钱补贴其经营费用,这使得它们可以降低价格。

  B与原文内容相符。C意为:提高生活标准。与原文内容相符。D与原文内容相符。

  3.【正确答案】 [D]

  在这一题的提问部分,deem意为:认为。选择项D中Partial意为:片面的,不公平的。文章第四段和第五段讨论了一个反对广告的着名电视工作者(television personality)的看法。他反对广告的理由是:广告是劝诱性的(persuade),而不是客观地提供信息(inform),但是,作者认为:作这种区别有些过于细微了(excessively fine),广告当然要劝诱人们。即使在很小的方面,也很难做到只局限于(confine… to)客观地提供信息,而且,那样的话,广告就失去了吸引力,没人会注意它。由此可见,在作者看来,广告的这两方面很难严格地区别开来,二者是有机地结合在一起的,不能顾此失彼。

  A意为:准确地表达了他对广告的评价。这里,pass意为:表述,表达,提出。B意为:只关心消费者的注意力。这里,nothing but意为:只有,除……之外都不。C意为:区分劝诱与信息提供是有道理的。这里,tell the difference意为:区分,区别。

  4.【正确答案】 [C]

  意为:广告劝诱消费者无可指责。作者认为,毫无疑问,广告会劝诱消费者。它不仅是这样,而且应该是这样,否则,广告便失去了吸引力而没人看了。

  A是不对的。正如第三段所指出的,广告给社会(commUnity)带来的物质利益(material benefit)比其他形式都大。B意为:广告应给人以新的(消费)观念,而不在于说服人。这里,win over意为:说服,争取;rather than意为:而不是。可见,所表达的内容与原文中作者表达的观点相反。D意为:消费者不关心广告所提供的信息。这与作者的观点也不同,作者仅是说:广告不能仅局限于提供客观信息,否则,就无法吸引消费者。

  全文翻译:

  花在广告上的钱和我所知花在任何别处的钱一样值得。它直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售,由此建立稳固的国内市场,并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。它吸引人们对新观念的注意,极大地提高生活标准。广告有助于增加市场需求,从而确保对劳动力需求的增加,因此是遏制失业的一个有效方法。它降低了多种服务费用,没有广告,每天看的报纸价格会上涨四倍,电视收视费会翻番,公共汽车或地铁票也得提高20%以上。

  也许最重要的是,广告为你购买的商品或服务提高了合理的价值方面的保证。除了国会制定的二十七项法案对广告词加以约束之外,没有哪个专职广告商胆敢推销与广告承诺不符的产品。他们或许能通过误导性的广告暂时愚弄一些人,但时间不会太长,因为庆幸的是,公众有良好的意识,他们不会一而再地去购买劣质商品。如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告,我认为这是最可靠的证明,即此商品一定与其宣传名副其实,一定体现良好的价值。

  广告给社会带来的物质利益比任何我所能想到的方式都多。我觉得有一点还得谈一谈。最近我听到一位着名电视人宣称他反对广告,因为广告意在劝诱而非提供信息。他把两者区分得过于细微,因为广告不可避免地要劝说消费者。

  如果广告的内容仅仅限于提供信息(虽说这不是不可能做到的,但它本身也是很难做的,因为哪怕是挑衬衫颜色这样的细节也带有几分劝诱性),那会令人生厌,以致没人再去理会。但也许这就是那位着名电视人所希望看到的。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part1的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧

 一,重视单词。
  从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天,考试大纲词汇就应不离手,因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础,所以考生一定要重视。背单词时,可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子,然后跟同桌的研友们对话,或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”,同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动,把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出,这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。

  二,日积月累。
  作为一门语言,充满了繁琐与细节的,想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的,必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的,如果你一天安排3个小时学英语,那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间,最大限度地降低遗忘率,以获得较好的学习效果。

  三,研读真题。
  历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径,也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境,先用一周的时间做一套真题,做完后,对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的,错在哪里,能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型,也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题,还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题,建议考生放20天左右的时间,重新再做真题,分析自己的做题思路,考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外,希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做,做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。

  四,增加课外阅读。
  课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位,对提高成绩有很大作用,建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志,阅读上面的文章,也会有不少收获。如果有条件,看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书,有的话坚持看,肯定会有收获的!

   希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助,另外,大家在学习英语学习方法时,要从自身实际出发,选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 


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