2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(二)
National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates（2002）
考生注意事项？
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。？
2. 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题（一）、试题（二）。？
3.本试题为试题（二），共11页（5～15页），含有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分。英语知识运用、阅读理解A节的答案必须用2B铅笔按要求直接填涂在答题卡1上，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。阅读理解B节和写作部分必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔在答题卡2上答题，注意字迹清楚。？
4.考试结束后，考生应将答题卡1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中，将试题（一）、试题（二）交给监考人员。？
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）？？
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened （ 21 ） . As was discussed before, it was not （ 22 ） the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic （ 23 ） , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the （ 24 ） of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution （ 25 ） up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading （ 26 ） through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures （ 27 ） the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in （ 28 ） . It is important to do so.?
It is generally recognized, （ 29 ） , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, （ 30 ） by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, （ 31 ） its impact on the media was not immediately （ 32 ） . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as （ 33 ） , with display becoming sharper and storage （ 34 ） increasing. They were thought of, like people, （ 35 ） generations, with the distance between generations much （ 36 ）。？
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the （ 37 ） within which we now live. The communications revolution has （ 38 ） both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been （ 39 ） view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits”have been weighed （ 40 ） “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.??
21. ［A］ between ［B］ before ［C］ since ［D］ later
22. ［A］ after ［B］ by ［C］ during ［D］ until
23. ［A］ means ［B］ method ［C］ medium ［D］ measure
24. ［A］ process ［B］ company ［C］ light ［D］ form
25. ［A］ gathered ［B］ speeded ［C］ worked ［D］ picked
26. ［A］ on ［B］ out ［C］ over ［D］ off
27. ［A］ of ［B］ for ［C］ beyond ［D］ into
28. ［A］ concept ［B］ dimension ［C］ effect ［D］ perspective
29. ［A］ indeed ［B］ hence ［C］ however ［D］ therefore
30. ［A］ brought ［B］ followed ［C］ stimulated ［D］ characterized
31. ［A］ unless ［B］ since ［C］ lest ［D］ although
32. ［A］ apparent ［B］ desirable ［C］ negative ［D］ plausible
33. ［A］ institution ［B］ universal ［C］ fundamental ［D］ instrumental
34. ［A］ ability ［B］ capability ［C］ capacity ［D］ faculty
35. ［A］ by means of ［B］ in terms of ［C］ with regard to［D］ in line with
36. ［A］ deeper ［B］ fewer ［C］ nearer ［D］ smaller
37. ［A］ context ［B］ range ［C］ scope ［D］ territory
38. ［A］ regarded ［B］ impressed ［C］ influenced ［D］ effected
39. ［A］ competitive ［B］ controversial ［C］ distracting ［D］ irrational
40. ［A］ above ［B］ upon ［C］ against ［D］ with
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）？
Text 1?
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in syMPAthy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.?
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful,polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”?
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.?
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
?
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. （447 words）？？
41. To make your humor work, you should . ?
［A］ take advantage of different kinds of audience.?
［B］ make fun of the disorganized people.?
［C］ address different problems to different people.?
［D］ show syMPAthy for your listeners.??
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .?
［A］ impolite to new arrivals.?
［B］ very conscious of their godlike role.?
［C］ entitled to some privileges.?
［D］ very busy even during lunch hours.??
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services .?
［A］ have benefited many people.?
［B］ are the focus of public attention.?
［C］ are an inappropriate subject for humor.?
［D］ have often been the laughing stock.??
44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .?
［A］ in well-worded language.?
［B］ as awkwardly as possible.?
［C］ in exaggerated statements.?
［D］ as casually as possible.??
45. The best title for the text may be .?
［A］ Use Humor Effectively.?
［B］ Various Kinds of Humor.?
［C］ Add Humor to Speech.?
［D］ Different Humor Strategies.?
Text 2?
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.?
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bonesurgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.?
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”?
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.?
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain'sroughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. ??
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .?
［A］ the use of machines to produce science fiction.?
［B］ the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.?
［C］ the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.?
［D］ the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.?
?
47. The word “gizmos” （line 1, paragraph 2） most probably means .
［A］ programs.? ［B］ experts.? ［C］ devices. ? ［D］ creatures.??
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can .?
［A］ fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.?
［B］ interact with human beings verbally.?
［C］ have a little common sense.?
［D］ respond independently to a changing world.??
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .?
［A］ make a few decisions for themselves.?
［B］ deal with some errors with human intervention.?
［C］ improve factory environments.?
［D］ cultivate human creativity.??
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .
［A］ expected to copy human brain in internal structure.?
［B］ able to perceive abnormalities immediately.?
［C］ far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.?
［D］ best used in a controlled environment.
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(二)的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 |
