《06新新英语系列英语阅读108篇》Text35
Text 35
题材：管理难度：★★★字数：412建议时间：12分钟
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog（齿轮）in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and“human relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is
[A]a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible.
[B]working in complete harmony with the rest of the society.
[C]an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly.
[D]a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that
[A]they are likely to lose their jobs.
[B]they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life.
[C]they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence.
[D]they are deprived of their individuality and independence.
3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those
[A]who are at the bottom of the society.
[B]who are higher up in their social status.
[C]who prove better than their fellow competitors.
[D]who could keep far away from this competitive world.
4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should
[A]resort to the production mode of our ancestors.
[B]offer higher wages to the workers and employees.
[C]enable man to fully develop his potentialities.
[D]take the fundamental realities for granted.
5.The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of
[A]approval.
[B]dissatisfaction.
[C]suspicion.
[D]tolerance.
试题详解
答案解析
1.C推理题。文章第一段指出：人成为了社会大机器中一个小小的、润滑良好的齿轮（well-oiled cog），高工资、通风良好的厂房等便是这润滑油。尽管如此，事实上人是无能为力的（powerless）。无论蓝领工人、白领阶层皆是毫无自主权的傀儡（puppets）。这就说明了人的工作生活条件虽然不错（functioning smoothly），但他们在社会中是无足轻重的。
2.D细节题。其依据是文章第二段的最后一句话。真正的原因是作为“情感与理智上独立的、富有创造性的”个人被忽视。选项A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思与文章内容相悖。
3.D推理题。选项A-“社会底层者”；B-“社会上层者”；C-“竞争中的胜利者”都摆脱不了充满各种竞争的生存环境，因而都生活在各种各样的anxiety与stress之中，所以都无幸福可言。只有D-远离这个充满竞争的社会的人可推断为幸福之人。
4.C推理题。依据是文章倒数第二句：“改革现实社会，重视人和充分发挥人的潜能。”A项是作者在最后一段中所不同意的观点；B项只是维持正常运转的手段之一，而不是解决社会问题的建议；D项不合原文意思。
5.B态度题。从文章最后一段中的句子I suggest transforming our social system…可看出作者的态度是“不满的”。A“赞同”；C“怀疑”；D“宽容”都不符合。
参考译文
总的来说，我们社会变成了一个官僚政治管理的大型企业，这里每个人都成为这台机器上的润滑良好的齿轮。高工资，通风良好的厂房就是“润滑油”。然而所有的润滑油不能改变人类变得无能为力这一事实。事实上，蓝领和白领阶层都是经济木偶，伴随着自动化和官僚政治的曲子舞蹈。
工人和雇员不仅因为他们可能被解雇而担心，还担心他们不能获得生活的真正乐趣。作为感情、理性上独立的和富有创造性的人，他们不曾面对人类生存的基本现实。
那些在社会高层的人的忧虑也并不少。他们生活并不比下属丰富。甚至在某些方面他们还感觉更不可靠。他们处在更激烈的竞争中。提升还是走下坡不是薪水的问题，而是自尊的问题。当他们申请第一份工作时，他们要求测试智力、服从与独立的综合能力。从那以后他们不断地被心理学家测试——对他们来说测试是一件大事，由他们的上级判断他们的行为、社交能力和与人相处能力等。需要持续地证明他与同事的能力水平的高低——竞争创造持久的压力，这正是产生不愉快的情绪与疾病的来源。
那我们是否应该回到工业社会前的生产模式或者十九世纪的“自由的”资本主义阶段？当然不行。回到原地不会解决问题。我建议把社会体系由官僚政治管理的工业制度过度到人道主义的工业制度，前者在最大的生产与消费中灭亡，而后者社会目标是可以让人及潜力——包括爱心和理性充分地发挥。生产和消费都是这个终级目标的一种手段，要防止它们统治人类。
《06新新英语系列英语阅读108篇》Text35的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 | 
