2012年考研英语完型填空冲刺试题及答案—9
十、苏美尔人
All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common，including the sky god，the lord of storms，and the morning and evening star.__1__the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility，love，and war，she was evidently lower__2__status than the male gods，indicating that in a more urbanized society the__3__that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had__4__. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and __5__，and one's life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that__6__were created to enable the gods to__7__ up working. Each city moreover had its own god，who was considered to__8__ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.__9__the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the__10__ of the economic produce of the city were favored__11__ their supernatural and material functions __12__. When，after 3，000 B. C.，growing warfare among the cities made military leadership__13__，the head of the army who became king assumed a（n）__14__position between the god，whose agent he was，and the priestly class，whom he had both to use and to __15__. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.__16__them were the scribes，the secular attendants of the temple，who__17__every aspect of the city's economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.__18__the temple officials，society was divided among an elite or__19__ group of large landowners and military leaders；a mixed group of merchants，artisans，and craftsmen，free peasants who__20__ the majority of the population；and slaves.
1. [A] Unless [B] As [C] Lest [D] Although
3. [A] worship [B] reverence [C] admiration [D] gratitude
4. [A] vanished [B] recovered [C] declined [D] attained
5. [A] unpredictable[B] unforgivable[C] unlimited [D] unlikely
6. [A] creatures [B] animals [C] men [D] mortals
7. [A] use [B] turn [C] give [D] back
8. [A] inhabit [B] live [C] reside [D] lodge
9. [A] Hence [B] Thereafter [C] Somehow [D] Incidentally
10. [A] introduction[B] transaction [C] distribution[D] provision
11. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] of
12. [A] along [B] anyway [C] afterwards [D] alike
13. [A] additional [B] vital [C] singular [D] exceptional
14. [A] alternative [B] secondary [C] intermediate[D] fundamental
15. [A] pacify [B] tempt [C] suppress [D] manipulate
16. [A] Beside [B] Beyond [C] Below [D] Before
17. [A] supervised [B] held [C] managed [D] presided
18. [A] Around [B] Under [C] Above [D] Outside
19. [A] leading [B] noble [C] controlling [D] principal
20. [A] consist [B] compose [C] compile [D] consume
答案1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7.C 8.A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13.B 14.C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B
总体分析本文介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜及由此引起的社会阶层的划分。第一句至第四句为一个意群，主要介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜，以及神凌驾于人之上。第五句至倒数第二句为一个意群，介绍了由于对神的崇拜而出现的社会上层阶层及其职能。末句附带说明了在宗教体系之外的社会阶层。
全文翻译所有的苏美尔城邦都认可很多共同的神，包括天空之神、风暴之王、晨星和昏星。虽然苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和战争的女神，但她在地位上却明显低于男性神。这表明在一个更趋都市化的社会中，过去时代的民族曾经致以大地母亲神的敬意已经减少。神似乎都极其暴力且捉摸不定，人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的一生。史诗《创世记》中强调人类被创造出来是为了使神放弃劳动。而且每一座城邦都有它自己的神，该神被认为确实居住在庙宇里，理论上则是城邦里所有财产的拥有者。因此诠释神的意志并且控制城市经济产品的分配的僧侣以他们超自然的以及在物质方面享有的功能而受到青睐。公元前3000年以后，当城市不断增多的战事使军事领导才能变得非常重要时，成为国王的军队首领占据了在神与僧侣阶层之间的位置，他是神的代言人，对僧侣阶层既利用又安抚。因此在一个等级社会中国王和僧侣代表了上层阶级。居于他们之下的是书吏，即，庙宇世俗的侍臣，他监督城市经济生活的方方面面，并制定粗略的司法体系。在庙宇官员之外，社会被划分为四类人：大地主和军事领导人这样一群精英和贵族人群；商人、工匠和技工的混合群体；占人口大部分的自由农民；奴隶。
2012年考研英语完型填空冲刺试题及答案—9的延伸阅读——复习英语要讲究技巧
一，重视单词。
从第一天开始复习到考试的前一天，考试大纲词汇就应不离手，因为这是一切的基础。考试大纲是命题专家出题的依据、基础，所以考生一定要重视。背单词时，可以总结同义词、一词多义以及包含“高级”短语的句子，然后跟同桌的研友们对话，或者“厚颜无耻”地主动向他们“炫耀”，同时也坚持参加英语辩论活动，把自己最新积累的词句一一“亮”出，这样考生会感觉记得特别牢固。
二，日积月累。
作为一门语言，充满了繁琐与细节的，想一口吃成大胖子是不太现实的，必须耐心地积累“量变”以求“质变”。学习英语的时间安排也是有规律可循的，如果你一天安排3个小时学英语，那么与其一鼓作气学3个小时倒不如改成上下午各1.5小时。持续学习、及时复习才能收到较为理想的效果。可以参照着名的“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来合理安排时间，最大限度地降低遗忘率，以获得较好的学习效果。
三，研读真题。
历年考研英语全真试题是了解考研水平的最快途径，也是熟悉命题规律的唯一途径。所以要在老师的指导下分阶段复习考研英语真题。找一个安静的环境，先用一周的时间做一套真题，做完后，对自己的错题先看一下怎么错的，错在哪里，能不能解决。剩下的时间要分析题型，也就是看这些题目是属于细节题、推理题，还是主旨大意题……当复习完十年的真题，建议考生放20天左右的时间，重新再做真题，分析自己的做题思路，考前一个月适当做些高质量的模拟题练练手。另外，希望考生真题至少看三遍。第一遍先做，做完之后归纳总结错题的原因。第二遍主要精读文章解决单词句子翻译。第三遍前两遍的内容都要看。
四，增加课外阅读。
课外阅读在考研英语复习中占有重要地位，对提高成绩有很大作用，建议大家订一份《英语世界》杂志，阅读上面的文章，也会有不少收获。如果有条件，看看自己学校图书馆是否有这本书，有的话坚持看，肯定会有收获的！
希望以上的介绍对2013的考研同学有所帮助，另外，大家在学习英语学习方法时，要从自身实际出发，选择真正适合自己的复习方法。 | 
