张楠楠:雅思阅读中,强调句有哪几种体现？

　　(1)“it”引导的强调句

　　1)It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/which/who/whom/whose + 句子的其他成分：

　　在这一结构中，如果被强调部分是人，用"that"，“who”，“whom”;如果被强调部分是物，用"that"或“which";强调状语时，只能用"that"，不能用"when"，“where” 和"why";强调的主语是复数，主句的谓语动词也得用单数。

　　It was uncle Bill、whose telephone number I lost.

　　It was we that/who arrived there first.

　　It was because it rained heavily that they didn’t go outing.

　　[注]①强调的成分通常为主语、宾语、宾补、状语以及由名词短语表示的主语补足语等。

　　It is Alice that/who looks pretty.(强调主语)

　　It was the wall that they painted white yesterday.(强调宾语)

　　It was yesterday that he put the wall white.(强调状语)

　　It Was the chairman of the Trade Union that we elected.(强调宾补)

　　②强调句中"who"或"that"后的谓语动词，应与前面被强调的名词或代词在人称、时态和数上保持一致。

　　It is I who have responsible for the organization.

　　It was he that/who painted the wall white yesterday.

　　③作表语的形容词不能用于强调句式。

　　误：It is beautiful that Helen is.

　　He is taller by far than any other student in his class.

　　He is by far the taller of the two.

　　④“No matter”+“关系代词/关系副词”加强语气：

　　No matter what you may say，1 won’t believe you.

　　No matter when our motherland needs us.we’ll respond to her call.

　　No matter how busy the president is，he often takes time off to give talks to the students.

　　⑤其他形容词、副词或词组用于加强语气：

　　Put it right in the middle.

　　Tom is absolutely right in doing this job.

　　This is just the word the author uses in his article.

　　I am anything but a kill-joy(扫兴的人).(=I am not a kill-joy at all.)

　　He is nothing but a worker.(=He is only a worker.)

　　He is nothing if not careful.(=He is very careful.)

　　They are the truest of friends.

　　The very act stepping on this soil was for me a far greater adventure.

　　The newspaper reporters got excited at the very sight of the Nobel Prize Winner.

　　It is beautiful song that Helen is singing.

　　2)“It+情态动词+be+被强调部分+that+…”表示强调：

　　It must be Mike that is listening to the music.

　　It might have been John who was in the traffic jam.

　　It would have been at that time that he went to live in London.

　　3)“It is/was + not until+被强调部分+that+…”表示强调：

　　It was not until dark that she realized it was too late to go shopping.、

　　It is not until the radiant energy falls upon matter that it becomes heat energy.

　　4)“it在疑问句、感叹句和宾语从句中的强调：

　　Who was it that interviewed Betty.

　　Where was it that you were born?

　　Could it be at the meeting that I met the，teacher?

　　He told me that it was because he was ill that they decided to return.

　　[注]在疑问句中，当宾语是"them"时，强调时应改为"those"

　　Did the professor regard them such contempt? →

　　Was it those that the professor regarded with such contempt?

　　5)对否定句中的某部分强调时，要注意"not"的前移：

　　It was not in the street that I saw her.(比较：I didn’t see her in the street.)

　　It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing the bird again.

　　(比较：I didn’t have an opportunity of seeing the bird again for several years.)

　　6)在“It is/was……”之后可用“肯定+否定”或“否定+肯定”形式，以加强对比含义。

　　It is you not me who should be blamed.

　　It wasn't a knife but a dagger that I saw under the desk.

　　It was due to luck rather than judgment that the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.

　　(2)助动词“do'’用作强调

　　1)用在肯定句或祈使句的谓语动词之前，起加强语气的作用，有“的确，一定”的意思，而且要重读。

　　Do tell me what happened.

　　They did work very hard last month

　　I do hope she will pass the exam this time。

　　We waited and waited for Betty.Finally Betty did come along.

　　Cars moved very slowly in the 1920s，but，they did move more quickly than in 1910.

　　2)和“never/not/little/hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/only/well”等词连用放在句首，起加强语气的作用，要求用倒装形式，这时"do或did"不重读。

　　Not a word did she say during the discussion.

　　Rarely/Seldom do I get invited into the office alone.

　　Only in the afternoon did I see her.

　　(3)表示强调的其他形式强调的词汇及其用法

　　1)“ever，whatever，the devil，the hell，on earth，in the world，under the sun，what it is”等含有“究竟，到底”意义的词语，用以加强语气，表示强调：Whatever do you mean?

　　I had no choice whatever.

　　There can be no doubt whatever about it.(这件事毫无疑问。)

　　Who ever was in the room?

　　Who the devil is she?

　　Where the hell have you put the book?

　　Nothing on earth could make her happy.

　　I must be the happiest woman on earth.

　　Who under the sun would buy that house?

　　How in the world did he get the information?

　　雅思阅读的题型一直是考生比较关注的问题，分析认为主要有以下两个原因：

　　1. 有相对简单和相对费时的题型;

　　2.每个考生都有自己擅长的和较害怕的题型。具体来说：对于词汇不足的考生可能最害怕段落标题匹配题及摘要归纳填空题;对于词汇量较大的考生来说，是非无判断题，段落标题匹配题和摘要归纳填空题可能是比较简单的。选择题和其它匹配题是相对来说比较费时的，所以大部分考生都很害怕这类题型。

　　那么，面对上面所提到的这些情况，考生应该在题型方面怎样备考呢?

　　首先，专家认为考生必须从心理上准备迎接所有的题型，在备考中要尽可能喜欢所有题型。有的考生会一次次地祈祷：“希望这次考试不要有选择题或段落细节信息定位题!”这样做，其实是无形中给自己制造了负面的影响。考试题型不是我们所能预料和控制的，一旦有了上述心理，很有可能一看到题型就慌了，一开始就没有一个好的状态。还有一部份考生喜欢跟着考题回忆和机经走，看到上次考了什么题就在备考中只关注那些题型。考题回忆和机经可以看看，但只能做参考，考生千万不要被它们所左右。否则就是自己给自己制造障碍。

　　其次，考生必须对各类题型的题型特点和答题注意事项了如指掌。雅思阅读考试时间之短，文章之学术性，题量之大，题型之多等特点决定了考生势必会感觉时间不够。考生要在有限的时间内答完所有的题并尽可能地保证较高的正确率确实不是一件容易的事情。考生除了要有一定的词汇量和阅读速度之外，常见的雅思阅读技巧和解题策略是必须的。而解题策略很多时候是建立在考生熟悉题型特点的基础之上的。比如说，考生拿到一篇文章绝不是从第1题接到13题，而是应该分析各组题型的特点和难易，由易到难。同样，考生也可以根据3篇各自的题型来初步判断哪一篇的题型可能对自己比较有利，那篇可能较难，以便能灵活地采取合适的策略。

　　最后，专家建议考生在考前进行练习时，不要光做套题，而应该偶尔穿插一些专题的练习，重点练习自己没什么把握的题型。注意练习时时间的掌控是很重要的，不要给自己30分钟完成6道是非无，那样不能达到训练的目的，不能保证良好的效果。