雅思阅读Summary (Part 3)
可以说，Summary这种题型虽然颇具变化，但如果能够始终把握住其围绕波动的主线，很多的题目并非如我们想象的那么难。 全文or局部? 虽然今年来以单个段落或相邻段落组为考察对象的Summary比较常见，相对与前两点来说，Summary在这一特征上并没有明显的一边倒。所以，也就有了培训界所谓的全文摘要/局部摘要一说。 当然，正如前文所提到的，全文摘要和局部摘要会影响到该题型的主旨/细节特征具体表现，不过它更直接的作用在于考生对题目的定位上。很显然，全文摘要虽然更能体现出主旨性，但所需阅读的篇幅更大;而局部摘要则需要首先在确定题目从哪个段落开始，而后由于压缩空间的有限考点倒相对集中。 在后文中，我们将对Summary题型的定位作专题讲述，这里暂且不表。 在熟悉了解了Summary题型的特征基础上，我们接下来通过具体的例子展示Summary的几种不同形式，以帮助考生更好地进行题型识别——从而随后采取有针对性的解题方法。 Summary题目的题型识别 标准型的Summary 标准的Summary是由完整，连续的句子构成的段落或段落组，通过句子填空的方式对阅读能力进行考察的一类题型的总称。如果用公式简化，就是 Summary=Paragraph(s) + Blanks NB 如果是由完整但是孤立的一个个单独的句子构成的一组填空题，就不是Summary而是Sentence Completion。连贯的句流是Summary的重要外在特征。对这一点的不明确，是网上大量考试回忆中Completion(或填空)题型大量泛滥的最主要原因。需要注意的是，即使句子不完整，或者是不连续的多个句子，但如果不完整/不连续的句子间具有一定组合规则(如Notes Completion)那么这种填空题可以看成是Summary的特殊情形，即其变体。 原词 标准Summary存在两种填充答案的形式，分别为原词和选词两种。当instructions中使用… from the passage字眼是，即是“原词”形式的Summary。这时，所有填写在留空中的单词都必须在文中出现，而且不允许有任何词形变化，用官方的话来说，就是必须directly来自文章。刚才上例就是如此(注意下划线部分)。 请看剑4 Test 3的一个例子。 Questions 37-40 Complete the summary of paragraph G below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37 ______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.
雅思阅读Summary (Part 3) 的延伸阅读——IELTS考试写作技巧之有效的句子要有重点，并且要突出重点
同学们已经对IELTS考试的写作有了比较客观的认识，下面两全其美网校城编辑简单总结IELTS考试写作技巧： 1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾。 一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。例如： (1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention. (2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation. 把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。 2. 在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。 除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之前出现， 也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)： (3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday. (3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate. 副词短语更是如此，如 (4b): (4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability. (4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools. 3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)： (5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera (5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera. (6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief. (6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic. 4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如： (7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed. (8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education? 5. 必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。 例如： (9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence. (10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays. 6. 尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好： (11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone. (11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head. 7. 适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如： (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs. (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred. (14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent. 最后，两全其美网校城编辑祝大家能够顺利地通过IELTS考试! |
