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英语定语从句的意义及用法

2012-2-14 17:36| 发布者: as2113712| 查看: 401| 评论: 0

摘要:   英语定语从句的意义及用法   在英语语法中,定语从句算是比较重要的一块。然而很多英语学习者对此却没有一个很清晰的概念。定语从句也叫关系从句。顾名思义,该从句充当形容词的角色修饰前面的名词或代词。在 ...

  英语定语从句的意义及用法

 

  在英语语法中,定语从句算是比较重要的一块。然而很多英语学习者对此却没有一个很清晰的概念。定语从句也叫关系从句。顾名思义,该从句充当形容词的角色修饰前面的名词或代词。在句子成分上,该从句做定语。那么定语从句都有哪些具体用法呢?在学习定语从句中又要注意哪些问题呢?

  定语从句一定是要跟在其所修饰的名词,名词词组以及代词之后的。被修饰的对象叫做先行词。定语从句只能放在先行词之后。可引导定语从句的代词叫做关系代词,包括who, which, that, whom..。其中,who指代人,which指代物,that可以同时指代人或指代物。可以引导定语从句的副词叫做关系副词,包括when和 where.。其中when在定语从句中做时间状语,where在定语从句中做地点状语。需要特别注意的是,先行词是时间的时候其在定语从句中未必一定做时间状语,有可能做主语或宾语。试比较以下两个例子:

  A:I will never forget the time (which/that) I spent with my family.

  B: I will never forget the time when I was a student..

  在句子A中,先行词the time在定语从句中做宾语,所以确定选关系代词。而且可以略;而在例句B中,同样是先行词the time,其在该定语从句中的成分却变为了时间状语,因为在定语从句中句子的主谓宾完整,所以此时连接主从句的应选关系副词when.

  同样地,先行词是地点时,其在定语从句中也未必一定做地点状语。可能做主语或宾语。是试比较以下三个例句:

  C.This is the house (that/which) I want to introduce to you

  D. This is the house which/that can date back to 1987.

  E. This is the house where I practice the piano.

  在例句C中,先行词the house 在定语从句中担当的成分是宾语。因此应该选关系代词,而且也是可以省略的;在例句D中,该先行词在定语从句中改做主语,所以还是选关系代词来连接主句和从句,此时关系代词是不可省略的;在例句E中,同一先行词在定语从句中的角色又变为地点状语,所以此时应选关系副词where作为连接主从句之间的”纽带”.

  另外还要注意的是,定语从句多用于书面语中,在平时的口语交际中不宜频繁使用。但在一些口语考试中,诸如雅思口语考试等,适当用一些定语从句还是很有必要的。

 

英语定语从句的意义及用法的延伸阅读——IELTS考试写作技巧之有效的句子要有重点,并且要突出重点

 

  同学们已经对IELTS考试的写作有了比较客观的认识,下面两全其美网校城编辑简单总结IELTS考试写作技巧:

  1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾。

  一般而论,最显眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中间的位置最平淡,乏善可陈。例如:

  (1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention.

  (2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.

  把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法,读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。

  2. 在复杂句里,把主句放在从句之后。

  除了名词从句和形容词从句之外,因为它们位置较固定,副词从句中有几种的位置灵活,可以在主句之前出现,

  也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前,重点则放在后头的主句,如(3b):

  (3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.

  (3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.

  副词短语更是如此,如 (4b):

  (4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.

  (4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.

  3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头,如(5b)和(6b):

  (5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera

  (5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.

  (6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.

  (6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic.

  4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如:

  (7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.

  (8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?

  5. 必要时,重复重要的语词或概念。

  例如:

  (9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity,

  and he likes their silence.

  (10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the

  nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.

  6. 尽量用主动说态,因此(11b)比(11a)好:

  (11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.

  (11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.

  7. 适当时候,可用倒装句和平行句,如:

  (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest

  lived seven dwarfs.

  (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.

  (14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.

  最后,两全其美网校城编辑祝大家能够顺利地通过IELTS考试!


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