听力考试中观点题的两种模式

　　观点题，一直都是国内英语听力单项选择题中的常考题型，但是在雅思听力考试的所有参考书籍中，却几乎未被专门提及。其实，如若细看，会发现观点题在雅思听力考试中也时有出现，如果我们没有掌握这类题的解题技巧，也很容易失分。观点题往往以选择题的形式出现，那么就要求考生对英文中表达观点的语言模式有高度的敏感。让我们来看看，在不同的听力场景中，英文表达支持、中立或反对的观点会出现的两种表达模式：

　　(一)直接表述观点：

　　这种表述方式对于考生而言是比较容易辨认的，因为录音中的人物语气自始至终都保持同一论调，考生的第一直觉判断和听完全文后的内容判断应该是一致的，所以解题也一般不容易错。我们举例来看看这种表述方式。

　　Well, do you think people can tell you their real thoughts just through phone? Without person-to-person contact, it is unlikely for you to dig deep into theri minds and unlikely to get truth.

　　考生听到第一句话时，从语言的反问语气可以判断发言者的观点是不支持的，意思是——“你认为人们会通过电话告诉你真实的想法吗?”，那么第二句则是对第一句话的解释说明——“没有面对面的接触，你不太可能发觉他们内心的真实想法，不太可能知道真相”，所以观点是反对的。

　　因为大部分情况下，英文采取首句为中心句的模式，段落其它部分是支持中心句的内容，所以听到首句就是主要意思，因此这种模式相对简单，但是考生也要能听出表示观点的词，比如赞成：support, be for..., go for..., be one the side of..., quite aree with..., 中立：mutual, just so so, you can try it, not the best, 反对：not good, be against..., not recommend..., better avoid..., 喜欢：be favor of, like, prefer, 一般态度：it's ok, but..., 不喜欢：dislike, 必须：must, it is necessary, 看情况：it depends, 没必要：not necessary等等。

　　(二)间接表述观点：

　　有的时候，发言者为了充分地表达自己的观点，或者为了使自己的观点显得不偏激，会采取委婉的方式表述观点。比如：

　　Well, I don't think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you can't meet the deadline. However, it really is the best approach you can try to get people's response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time, just go for it.

　　由于第一句话出现don't think， 所以很多考生会潜意识将主题判定为否定的观点。然而，转折词however出现以后，则要特别小心接下来表达的内容，因为意思上会有强烈的转折，这里的it really is the best approach就是很大的一个转折，说明发言的人是持支持的态度的。此外，最后一句话是总结性的观点，一句just go for it非常清楚地再次表示其支持观点。

　　因此，在听观点题时不要被第一印象影响，一定要听后面的话是否有转折词，如果有，那么第一印象通常是不准的，转折词以后的内容才是判断或填写的依据。有些情况在最后还会有总结??以，当听到表转折的词，如however, but, nevertheless和表总结的词，如so，那么真正的观点应该马上就要出现了。

　　以下举几个直接和间接表述观点的例子，以加深对此类题型的理解。

　　直接观点表述：

　　Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike. A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution.------支持

　　Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief-the TENS machine-a small battery-powered gadget which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.------反对

　　It can be useful to get special orthopaedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in OUR posture.------中立

　　Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers. ------中立

　　间接观点表述：

　　Through observation study, you can just watch and take notes. And you can get some unforeseeable results from people's behavior, but it can only cover certain aspects. Therefore, you need other research method to assist it. But you can try if you want.------中立

　　Well, I think questionnaires are very good at telling you how people fill in questionnaires, but they tell you very little else. So better avoid it.------反对

　　Face-to-face interview can help you get people's facial expressions and body language, through which you can identify what they genuinely have in mind. But it depends sometimes. Not everyone is willing to open his or her mind to you.------中立