雅思写作：运用“让步”思维赚眼球(一)
根据多年来对雅思写作大作文的分析研究发现，尽管议论文的话题繁多，但其问题模式都可以归属于两大类，讨论和分析解决，讨论类常见的如：To what extent do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion? 而分析解决是指对某一负面现象进行原因的分析，再给出解决方法。如：Discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon and suggest some recommendations about how to combat it. 上述两类相信参加过雅思考试或者在准备的烤鸭们都已经非常熟悉了，那么在考试中出现几率较高的是第一类讨论型的题目，占了百分之八十以上，所以学会此类题目的论证过程的扩展对议论文分数的提高起关键作用。 在雅思写作的评分标准中，我们看到前两个评分标准中，均出现了对段落扩展的描述，第一个评分标准task response，指任务完成度，在文章内容方面的体现即文章是否回答了题目的关于topic的论证，是否都围绕主题，无偏题离题现象发生，能否完整全面的对话题进行论证。而第二点coherence and cohesion，指连贯和衔接，内容是否连贯，很大程度上取决于论证过程的扩展是否有紧密关联，有无逻辑性。可见议论问论证过程的合理有逻辑的扩展非常重要。 让步段的概念及用法： 在议论文中，常见的论证方法很多，如举例子、解释、类比、对比、列数据等，今天写作组的专家要给大家总结介绍一类在论证中能否体现论证的全面性的方法，即让步的论证方法，首先我们来看几个句型： As is granted, … However, convincing arguments have been made that … Opponents would argue that… However, … Although/ In spite of the fact that …，people tend to believe that … It is undeniable that … 从以上四个句型，我们看出让步就是先退一步承认自己不同意的一个事实，再对其进行反驳，如某人去面试，老板要拒绝聘请录用这个员工，他会在拒绝前先说一番承认这个人在某些方面还不错的一些话，这就是让步。这样论证的优点是更加全面的论证，不会一味的一边倒，就片面的认为一个事件的存在只有优点或只有缺点，且论证也更有说服力。这种论证方法常出现在讨论类的单边论证中，我们来看一个题目： The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?针对这样一个题目，通过审题，题目要求考生探讨图书是否需要提供高科技媒体。根据分析，我们可以得出单边论证的结构，同意提供多媒体。具体结构参照如下： Introduction: State my opinion The hi-tech media should been provided by the public libraries. Body: Ph 1 Making concession Multimedia facilities are expensive. Ph2 Reason one to support my opinion. Hi-tech media can store information much longer than traditional means. Ph3 Reason two to support my opinion Visiting a library with multimedia access is much more interesting. Conclusion: Restate my opinion The investment is justified and should be encouraged. 从上述结构我们看出作者的观点是支持提供高科技媒体，但这个论证过程非常全面，它先在论证的第一代就退一步承认其缺点，然后再就这一点进行反驳，这个段落就是让步段，参考之前提供句型，得出这一段：Opponents of a high-tech library would argue that multimedia facilities are expensive. This may be true to some extent, because a DVD player is often more expensive than a bookshelf. However, with immense storage capacity, these new high-tech media can actually save the most valuable resource-space.
雅思写作：运用“让步”思维赚眼球(一)的延伸阅读——IELTS考试写作技巧之有效的句子要有重点，并且要突出重点
同学们已经对IELTS考试的写作有了比较客观的认识，下面两全其美网校城编辑简单总结IELTS考试写作技巧： 1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾。 一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。例如： (1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention. (2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation. 把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。 2. 在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。 除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之前出现， 也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)： (3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday. (3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate. 副词短语更是如此，如 (4b): (4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability. (4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools. 3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)： (5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera (5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera. (6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief. (6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic. 4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如： (7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed. (8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education? 5. 必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。 例如： (9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence. (10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays. 6. 尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好： (11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone. (11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head. 7. 适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如： (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs. (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred. (14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent. 最后，两全其美网校城编辑祝大家能够顺利地通过IELTS考试! |
