2012考研英语作文经典词汇 一、 图表作文常用词汇: 表格图table ; 图表chart;diagram graph column 描述:show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent 数字figure; 数据 statistic; 百分比 percentage; 比例 proportion 上升:increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占ccupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 由…组成:consist of/be made up of /be composed of 占44%比例:account for /make up 44 percent 位居第一:rank the first 仅次于is second to 居第二位:in second spot 倒数第一is the last one 第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section 与..相比:compared with A与B成比例A be in proportion to B 差不多:About/around/roughly 多达 as many as 正好:Exactly/precisely 水平:level off 二、 图画作文常用词汇: (1) 常见热点词汇: 1. 素质教育 :Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业: the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出: ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金: clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款: non-perFORMing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包: mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社: credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障: a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度: the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷: export credit 12. 贷款质量: loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法: the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险: take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程: flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易 : illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇: foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构: non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税: transFORM administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计: foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度: the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全: the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦 : excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度: the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策 : pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费: basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系: sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制: the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全: economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设: to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求 : the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长: fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库: grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业: grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行: closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场: grain sales market 37. 劣质工程: shoddy engineering 38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款: arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇: obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40. 融资渠道: financing channels 41. 商业信贷原则: the principles for commercial credit 42. 社会保险机构: social security institution 43. 失业保险金: unemployment insurance benefits 44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税: tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 45. 外汇收支: foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程: housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化: inFORMation-based; inFORMationization 48. 智力密集型: concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业: overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工: laid-off workers 51. 分流: reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育: education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程: jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况: law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家: nation state 56. “****”: "independence of Taiwan" 57. 台湾当局: Taiwan authorities 58. 台湾同胞 : Taiwan compatriots 59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60. 西部大开发 : Development of the West Regions 61. 可持续性发展: sustainable development 62. 风险投资 : risk investment 63. 通货紧缩 : deflation 64. 扩大内需 : to expand domestic demand 65. 计算机辅助教学: computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 66. 网络空间: cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实: virtual reality 68. 网民 : netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪 : computer crime 70. 电子商务: the e-business 71. 网上购物 : shopping online 72. 应试教育: exam-oriented education 73. 学生减负 : to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino) 75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina) 76. “智商”:(IQ) 77. “情商”:(EQ) 78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/inFORMation industry) 79. “军嫂”:(military spouse) 80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference 81. “克隆”:clone 82. “冰毒”:ice 83. “摇头丸”:dancing outreach 84. “传销”:multi level marketing 85. “(计算机)2000年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 86. “白皮书”:white paper(不是white cover book) 87. “傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名, 焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机); 88. “白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来) 89. “巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院, 向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。 90. “减员增效”:increase efficiency by downsizing staff; 91. “抓大放小”:manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones; 92. “市政府要办的X件实事”:x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda; 93. “两个基本点”:two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM,opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。 94. “投资热点”:a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot 95. “移动电话”:本系cellular(有时简作cel)或mobile(tele)phone 96. “三角债”:chain debts或debt chains 97. “拳头产品”:knockout product 98. “投诉热线”:dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事件) 99. “三通”的现译文three links:link of trade,travel and post 100. “外资”:overseas investments 101. “开放”:open to the outside world 102. “联防”:community/teampolicing(一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理) 103. “三陪服务”:escort services(陪伴服务)。 104. “五讲四美”:five stresses and four points of beauty 105. “暴利”:excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好) 106. “暴发户”:upstart,parvenu,noov(e),nouveau riche(new rich),jumped-up people(口语) 107. “快餐”:snack(food),quick meal,fast(food,meal),takeaway,carryout, MRE(meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)” 108. 一次处理:single/primary treatment; 109. 一次污染:primary pollution; 110. 一次冻透:straight;freez-ing; 111. 一次空气:fresh/primary air; 112. 一次爆破:onepull; 113. 一次付清: pay in full; 114. 一次消费:one-time-consumption; 115. 一次误差:first-order error; 116. 一次成像照片:a Polaroid picture; 117. 一次偿还信贷: non-in-stallment; 118. 一次性杯子:sanitary cup; 119. 一次性筷子:disposable chopsticks; 120. 一次性收入:lump-sum payment; 121. 一次用包装:non-returnable container; 122. 一次用相机:single-use camera 123. 西部开发:Develop Western Regions 124. 假日经济:Holiday Economy 125. 手机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone 126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗?:Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use? 127. 电脑病毒:Computer Viruses 128. 网上犯罪:Cyber Crimes 129. 旅游热:Tourism Wave 130. 打拐:Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children 131. 反毒斗争:Anti-drug Battle 132. 黑客:Hackers 133. 减负:Reduction of Students’ Study Load 134. 中国加入世贸组织:China’s Entry into the WTO 135. 沙尘暴:Sandstorms 136. 告别1999:Farewell to the Special Year 1999 137. 千年虫:The Millennium Bug 138. 千禧年的梦想:My Millennium Dreams 139. 拥抱新千年:Embracing the New Millennium 140. 网上购物:Shopping on the Net 141. 参考书的负面效应:My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books 142. 因特网的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet 143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义:The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map 144. 高校合并:The Merging of Universities 145. 网上求职:Hunting for A Job on Internet 146. 何为新世纪的好老师?:What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century? 147. 中国的外资:China’s foreign Investment 148. 中国的人才流失:The Talent Flight in China 149. 性教育:Sex Education 150. 明天的因特网:The Future Tomorrows Internet 151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心?:A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class? 152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊:The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System 153. 中国的因特网:Internet in China 154. 中国的电脑:Computers in China 155. 中国的大学英语教学:College English Teaching in China 156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗?:Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away? 157. 家教的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring 158. 教师,国家的未来:Teachers, A Nation’s Future 159. 电子词典:Electronic Dictionaries 160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育:Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented 161. 提倡创新精神:Develop Our Creative Mind 162. 计算机辅助教学:CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction 163. 自动取款机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM 164. 展望廿一世纪:Looking Forward to the 21st Century 165. 盗版问题:Problem of Piracy 166. 学会如何学习:Learn How to Learn 167. 假文凭:Fake Diplomas 168. 书的不良影响:My View on the Negative Effects of Books 169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?:Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery? 170. 兼职工作:My View on a Part-time Job 171. 无偿献血:Blood Donation without Repayment 172. 留学海外:Studying Abroad 173. 发展经济还是保护环境?:Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment? 174. 电子邮件:The Internet E-mail 175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代:Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age 176. 努力更新知识:Trying to Renew Knowledge 177. 深化(中国的)改革:Deepen China’s ReFORM 178. 因特网的利与弊:The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 179. 我们需要因特网吗?:Do We Need Internet? 180. 大学英语考试:College English Test 181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗?:Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary? 182. 廿一世纪的青年人:The Youth and the 21st Century (2) 分类热点词汇: 1. 涉及文化教育的词汇: 自学成才 to become educated through independent study 启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method 填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching 普及教育 universal education 义务教育 compulsory education; free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education 职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commission 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art 理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering 师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 polytechnical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school 中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school 业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university 函授学院 correspondence school 教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school 中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 class for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special (training) course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff 中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 大专院校校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies (系)主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 professor 副教授 associate professor 客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 讲师 lecturer 助教 assistant 专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher 辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group 教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus; alumna 学生会 students' union/association 高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor 研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates 听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture 公开课 open class 课程 course; curriculum 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable 课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after class 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 class discussion (大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学分 credit 分数 mark; grade 五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system 学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 毕业论文 thesis; dissertation 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal 授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination 升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 奖学金 scholarship (国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance 文凭 diplomas and certificates 考研热 the craze for graduate school study 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 扩招 expand enrollment 被授予学位 be granted a an official certificate from 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 退学 drop out of the school 形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 德才兼备 possess political integrity and professional ability 品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society 保护知识产权 protect the intellectual property 才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens 更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 2. 涉及工作的词汇: 崇高职业 noble career 白领工作 white-collar workers 跳槽 job-hopping 试用期 probationary period 人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity 实干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色 excel in one’s work 无忧无虑 be care-free 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 生活补助 living subsidies 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流 brain drain 优化产业结构 optimize the structure 精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices 提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality 解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大锅饭 shatter the convention of iron bowl 坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress 造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem 下岗人员 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension 需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 提高文化,智慧,品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality 的延伸阅读——2012年考研英语备考技巧 技巧一:看懂 阅读理解其实主要考的是 “阅读 ”之后的 “理解 ”,所以,看得懂乃是第一项技巧。
任何一篇文章,若要能看懂它,至少需要两个条件:认识单词和看明白句子。单词就像盖房的砖瓦,考研词汇大约为 5500个,这不是一个小数字,也并非三两天时间可以记住的,所以,考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。
拿到词汇书之后,首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来,如 rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……。 “黑 ”字是阅读的头一个障碍,单词不认识,句子当然看不懂,所以,消灭
“黑 ”字是当务之急。 考研词汇中,除 “黑 ”字外,还有大量意思非常明白的所谓
“白 ”字,如: able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。此类单词可一掠而过,除
“黑 ”和 “白 ”字两类外,还有许多似会不会的
“灰 ”字,如: treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss,
……。甚至还有大量你觉得会但其实并非如此的 “灰
”字,如: spring 除了 “春天 ”之外,还当 “泉水 ”、 “弹簧 ”讲 ;account除了 “帐户 ”,还作 “原因 ;理由 ;解释 ;说明 ;报告 ;占 ……”解。 affect除了 “爱,深情 ”之外,还有 “对 ……发生作用 ”之义。背诵单词时,一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句才能牢记其意义。
技巧二:选题 看懂文章之后,还有一个如何选题的问题,所以第二项技巧是选题问题。
众所周知,读完文章之后就要对文章后面的问题作出选择:是选 A呢?还是选 B、 C?还是选 D?许多考生说,文章有时看懂了,题就是选不对。其实选题也是大有技巧的,阅读的问题基本上分为五大类:
1.主旨题(又称中心思想题):这类题基本上是问 main idea, 或 best title是什么;也可以问作者写此文章的 purpose何在;或问此文的 conclusion可总结为什么。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想为何,则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。
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