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2012考研英语作文经典词汇

2011-12-15 15:52| 发布者: bjangel| 查看: 1942| 评论: 1

摘要: 2012考研英语作文经典词汇  一、 图表作文常用词汇:  表格图table ;  图表chart;diagram graph column  描述:show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent  数字figure;  数据 statistic;  百分 ...
2012考研英语作文经典词汇

  一、 图表作文常用词汇:

  表格图table ;

  图表chart;diagram graph column

  描述:show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent

  数字figure;

  数据 statistic;

  百分比 percentage;

  比例 proportion

  上升:increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up

  下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down

  平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

  波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down

  占ccupy take up account for gain

  而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact

  相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with

  最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most

  最低点:bottom less least rock bottom

  平均:mean average

  趋势:tendancy trend inclination

  预见:prediction

  达到顶峰: mount to

  由…组成:consist of/be made up of /be composed of

  占44%比例:account for /make up 44 percent

  位居第一:rank the first

  仅次于is second to

  居第二位:in second spot

  倒数第一is the last one

  第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section

  与..相比:compared with

  A与B成比例A be in proportion to B

  差不多:About/around/roughly

  多达 as many as

  正好:Exactly/precisely

  水平:level off

  二、 图画作文常用词汇:

  (1) 常见热点词汇:

  1. 素质教育 :Quality Education

  2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient

  3. 保险业: the insurance industry

  4. 保证重点指出: ensure funding for priority areas

  5. 补发拖欠的养老金: clear up pension payments in arrears

  6. 不良贷款: non-perFORMing loan

  7. 层层转包和违法分包: mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

  8. 城乡信用社: credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

  9. 城镇居民最低生活保障: a minimum standard of living for city residents

  10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度: the system of medical insurance for urban workers

  11. 出口信贷: export credit

  12. 贷款质量: loan quality

  13. 贷款质量五级分类办法: the five-category assets classification for bank loans

  14. 防范和化解金融风险: take precautions against and reduce financial risks

  15. 防洪工程: flood-prevention project

  16. 非法外汇交易 : illegal foreign exchange transaction

  17. 非贸易收汇: foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

  18. 非银行金融机构: non-bank financial institutions

  19. 费改税: transFORM administrative fees into taxes

  20. 跟踪审计: foolow-up auditing

  21. 工程监理制度: the monitoring system for projects

  22. 国有资产安全: the safety of state-owned assets

  23. 过度开垦 : excess reclamation

  24. 合同管理制度: the contract system for governing projects

  25. 积极的财政政策 : pro-active fiscal policy

  26. 基本生活费: basic allowance

  27. 解除劳动关系: sever labor relation

  28. 金融监管责任制: the responsibility system for financial supervision

  29. 经济安全: economic security

  30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设: to increase the deficit to spend more on development

  31. 扩大国内需求 : the expansion of domestic demand

  32. 拉动经济增长: fuel economic growth

  33. 粮食仓库: grain depot

  34. 粮食收购企业: grain collection and storage enterprise

  35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行: closed operation of grain purchase funds

  36. 粮食销售市场: grain sales market

  37. 劣质工程: shoddy engineering

  38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款: arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines

  39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇: obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

  40. 融资渠道: financing channels

  41. 商业信贷原则: the principles for commercial credit

  42. 社会保险机构: social security institution

  43. 失业保险金: unemployment insurance benefits

  44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税: tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

  45. 外汇收支: foreign exchange revenue and spending

  46. 安居工程: housing project for low-income urban residents

  47. 信息化: inFORMation-based; inFORMationization

  48. 智力密集型: concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

  49. 外资企业: overseas-funded enterprises

  50. 下岗职工: laid-off workers

  51. 分流: reposition of redundant personnel

  52. 素质教育: education for all-round development

  53. 豆腐渣工程: jerry-built projects

  54. 社会治安情况: law-and-order situation

  55. 民族国家: nation state

  56. “****”: "independence of Taiwan"

  57. 台湾当局: Taiwan authorities

  58. 台湾同胞 : Taiwan compatriots

  59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

  60. 西部大开发 : Development of the West Regions

  61. 可持续性发展: sustainable development

  62. 风险投资 : risk investment

  63. 通货紧缩 : deflation

  64. 扩大内需 : to expand domestic demand

  65. 计算机辅助教学: computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

  66. 网络空间: cyberspace

  67. 虚拟现实: virtual reality

  68. 网民 : netizen ( net citizen )

  69. 电脑犯罪 : computer crime

  70. 电子商务: the e-business

  71. 网上购物 : shopping online

  72. 应试教育: exam-oriented education

  73. 学生减负 : to reduce study load

  74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)

  75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)

  76. “智商”:(IQ)

  77. “情商”:(EQ)

  78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/inFORMation industry)

  79. “军嫂”:(military spouse)

  80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference

  81. “克隆”:clone

  82. “冰毒”:ice

  83. “摇头丸”:dancing outreach

  84. “传销”:multi level marketing

  85. “(计算机)2000年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

  86. “白皮书”:white paper(不是white cover book)

  87. “傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名, 焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);

  88. “白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来)

  89. “巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院, 向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。

  90. “减员增效”:increase efficiency by downsizing staff;

  91. “抓大放小”:manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;

  92. “市政府要办的X件实事”:x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;

  93. “两个基本点”:two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM,opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。

  94. “投资热点”:a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot

  95. “移动电话”:本系cellular(有时简作cel)或mobile(tele)phone

  96. “三角债”:chain debts或debt chains

  97. “拳头产品”:knockout product

  98. “投诉热线”:dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)

  99. “三通”的现译文three links:link of trade,travel and post

  100. “外资”:overseas investments

  101. “开放”:open to the outside world

  102. “联防”:community/teampolicing(一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理)

  103. “三陪服务”:escort services(陪伴服务)。

  104. “五讲四美”:five stresses and four points of beauty

  105. “暴利”:excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)

  106. “暴发户”:upstart,parvenu,noov(e),nouveau riche(new rich),jumped-up people(口语)

  107. “快餐”:snack(food),quick meal,fast(food,meal),takeaway,carryout, MRE(meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”

  108. 一次处理:single/primary treatment;

  109. 一次污染:primary pollution;

  110. 一次冻透:straight;freez-ing;

  111. 一次空气:fresh/primary air;

  112. 一次爆破:onepull;

  113. 一次付清: pay in full;

  114. 一次消费:one-time-consumption;

  115. 一次误差:first-order error;

  116. 一次成像照片:a Polaroid picture;

  117. 一次偿还信贷: non-in-stallment;

  118. 一次性杯子:sanitary cup;

  119. 一次性筷子:disposable chopsticks;

  120. 一次性收入:lump-sum payment;

  121. 一次用包装:non-returnable container;

  122. 一次用相机:single-use camera

  123. 西部开发:Develop Western Regions

  124. 假日经济:Holiday Economy

  125. 手机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone

  126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗?:Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?

  127. 电脑病毒:Computer Viruses

  128. 网上犯罪:Cyber Crimes

  129. 旅游热:Tourism Wave

  130. 打拐:Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children

  131. 反毒斗争:Anti-drug Battle

  132. 黑客:Hackers

  133. 减负:Reduction of Students’ Study Load

  134. 中国加入世贸组织:China’s Entry into the WTO

  135. 沙尘暴:Sandstorms

  136. 告别1999:Farewell to the Special Year 1999

  137. 千年虫:The Millennium Bug

  138. 千禧年的梦想:My Millennium Dreams

  139. 拥抱新千年:Embracing the New Millennium

  140. 网上购物:Shopping on the Net

  141. 参考书的负面效应:My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books

  142. 因特网的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

  143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义:The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map

  144. 高校合并:The Merging of Universities

  145. 网上求职:Hunting for A Job on Internet

  146. 何为新世纪的好老师?:What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?

  147. 中国的外资:China’s foreign Investment

  148. 中国的人才流失:The Talent Flight in China

  149. 性教育:Sex Education

  150. 明天的因特网:The Future Tomorrows Internet

  151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心?:A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?

  152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊:The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System

  153. 中国的因特网:Internet in China

  154. 中国的电脑:Computers in China

  155. 中国的大学英语教学:College English Teaching in China

  156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗?:Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away?

  157. 家教的利与弊:Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

  158. 教师,国家的未来:Teachers, A Nation’s Future

  159. 电子词典:Electronic Dictionaries

  160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育:Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented

  161. 提倡创新精神:Develop Our Creative Mind

  162. 计算机辅助教学:CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction

  163. 自动取款机的利与弊:Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM

  164. 展望廿一世纪:Looking Forward to the 21st Century

  165. 盗版问题:Problem of Piracy

  166. 学会如何学习:Learn How to Learn

  167. 假文凭:Fake Diplomas

  168. 书的不良影响:My View on the Negative Effects of Books

  169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?:Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?

  170. 兼职工作:My View on a Part-time Job

  171. 无偿献血:Blood Donation without Repayment

  172. 留学海外:Studying Abroad

  173. 发展经济还是保护环境?:Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?

  174. 电子邮件:The Internet E-mail

  175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代:Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age

  176. 努力更新知识:Trying to Renew Knowledge

  177. 深化(中国的)改革:Deepen China’s ReFORM

  178. 因特网的利与弊:The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet

  179. 我们需要因特网吗?:Do We Need Internet?

  180. 大学英语考试:College English Test

  181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗?:Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?

  182. 廿一世纪的青年人:The Youth and the 21st Century

  (2) 分类热点词汇:

  1. 涉及文化教育的词汇:

  自学成才 to become educated through independent study

  启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method

  填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

  普及教育 universal education

  义务教育 compulsory education; free education

  学前教育 preschool education

  初等教育 elementary education

  中等教育 secondary education

  高等教育 higher/tertiary education

  普遍教育 general education

  成人教育 adult education

  职业技术教育 vocational and technical education

  国家教育委员会 State Education Commission

  高等学校 institution of higher education

  综合性大学 comprehensive university

  文科大学 university of liberal arts

  文科院校 colleges of art

  理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering

  师范大学 normal university; teachers' university

  师范学院 teachers' college

  工业大学 polytechnical university

  工业学院 engineering institute

  农业大学 agricultural university

  农学院 agricultural college

  医科大学 medical university

  医学院 medical college/school

  中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine

  音乐学院 conservatory of music

  美术学院 academy of fine arts

  体育学院 physical culture institute

  分校 branch school

  重点学校 key school

  业余学校 spare-time school

  业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers

  电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university

  函授学院 correspondence school

  教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies

  成人夜校 night school for adults

  业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school

  半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school

  中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school

  中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school

  职业学校 vocational school

  附中 attached middle school

  在职进修班 in-service training course

  进修班 class for advanced studies

  短训班 short-term training course

  专修科 special (training) course

  自学考试 self-taught examination

  教职员 teaching and administrative staff

  教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

  中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal

  大专院校校长 president; chancellor

  教务长 dean of studies

  (系)主任 chairman; chairperson

  副主任 vice-chairman

  教授 professor

  副教授 associate professor

  客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor

  讲师 lecturer

  助教 assistant

  专职教师 full-time teacher

  兼职教师 part-time teacher

  辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work

  教研室/组 teaching and research section/group

  教学组 teaching group

  教员休息室 staff room; common room

  母校 Alma Mater

  校友 alumnus; alumna

  学生会 students' union/association

  高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades

  低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

  走读生 day student; non-resident student

  住宿生 boarder

  旁听生 auditor

  研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)

  应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates

  听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture

  公开课 open class

  课程 course; curriculum

  必修课 required/compulsory course

  选修课 elective/optional course

  基础课 basic course

  专业课 specialized course

  课程表 school timetable

  课外活动 extracurricular activities

  课外辅导 instruction after class

  课外阅读 outside reading

  课堂讨论 class discussion

  (大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar

  教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

  教学内容 content of courses

  学习年限 period of schooling

  学历 record of formal schooling

  学年 school/academic year

  学期 (school)term; semester

  学分 credit

  分数 mark; grade

  五分制 the 5-grade marking system

  百分制 100-mark system

  学习成绩 academic record; school record

  成绩单 school report; report card; transcript

  毕业论文 thesis; dissertation

  毕业实习 graduation field work

  毕业设计 graduation ceremony

  毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement

  毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate

  毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

  授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.

  升级 to be promoted to a higher grade

  留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down

  补考 make-up examination

  升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school

  升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

  奖学金 scholarship

  (国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy

  领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student

  学费 tuition (fee)

  伙食费 board expenses

  伙食补助 food allowance

  文凭 diplomas and certificates

  考研热 the craze for graduate school study

  应试教育 the examination-oriented education

  义务教育 compulsory education

  复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents

  文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits

  大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings

  扩招 expand enrollment

  被授予学位 be granted a an official certificate from

  高分低能 good scores but low qualities

  片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level

  退学 drop out of the school

  形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system

  教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people

  因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

  德才兼备 possess political integrity and professional ability

  品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar

  提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality

  适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly

  满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society

  保护知识产权 protect the intellectual property

  才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge

  努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress

  减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens

  更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life

  2. 涉及工作的词汇:

  崇高职业 noble career

  白领工作 white-collar workers

  跳槽 job-hopping

  试用期 probationary period

  人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection

  自由职业 freelance work

  拜金主义 money worship

  获得名利 achieve fame and wealth

  充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity

  实干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work

  工作出色 excel in one’s work

  无忧无虑 be care-free

  社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem

  生计问题 a bread and butter issue

  生活补助 living subsidies

  人才交流 talents exchange

  培养人才 cultivate talents

  推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able

  人才外流 brain drain

  优化产业结构 optimize the structure

  精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices

  提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality

  解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization

  砸掉大锅饭 shatter the convention of iron bowl

  坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress

  造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem

  下岗人员 the laid-off workers

  自谋生路 be self-employed

  给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment

  享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension

  需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life

  劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower

  提高文化,智慧,品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality

 

的延伸阅读——2012年考研英语备考技巧

 

  技巧一:看懂

  阅读理解其实主要考的是 “阅读 ”之后的 “理解 ”,所以,看得懂乃是第一项技巧。

  任何一篇文章,若要能看懂它,至少需要两个条件:认识单词和看明白句子。单词就像盖房的砖瓦,考研词汇大约为 5500个,这不是一个小数字,也并非三两天时间可以记住的,所以,考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。

  拿到词汇书之后,首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来,如 rear tedious deteriorate plausible jargon isotope ……。 “黑 ”字是阅读的头一个障碍,单词不认识,句子当然看不懂,所以,消灭 “黑 ”字是当务之急。

  考研词汇中,除 “黑 ”字外,还有大量意思非常明白的所谓 “白 ”字,如: able benefit culture space topic ……。此类单词可一掠而过,除 “黑 ”和 “白 ”字两类外,还有许多似会不会的 “灰 ”字,如: treaty tutor sample saddle fuss ……。甚至还有大量你觉得会但其实并非如此的 “灰 ”字,如: spring 除了 “春天 ”之外,还当 “泉水 ”、 “弹簧 ”讲 account除了 “帐户 ”,还作 “原因 ;理由 ;解释 ;说明 ;报告 ;占 ……”解。 affect除了 “爱,深情 ”之外,还有 “对 ……发生作用 ”之义。背诵单词时,一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句才能牢记其意义。

  技巧二:选题

  看懂文章之后,还有一个如何选题的问题,所以第二项技巧是选题问题。

  众所周知,读完文章之后就要对文章后面的问题作出选择:是选 A呢?还是选 B C?还是选 D?许多考生说,文章有时看懂了,题就是选不对。其实选题也是大有技巧的,阅读的问题基本上分为五大类:

  1.主旨题(又称中心思想题):这类题基本上是问 main idea best title是什么;也可以问作者写此文章的 purpose何在;或问此文的 conclusion可总结为什么。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想为何,则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。

  2.词汇题(又称词语释义题):这类题常问考生一些不认识、从未见过的一些生词或词组的意思是什么。解题技巧为参考上、下文,尤其是下文。因为下文常常是对该词的解释、说明、举例等等。

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引用 游客 2013-10-26 22:06
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