2000年考研英语阅读真题及答案1 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States." 51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because________. [A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal [B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before [C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors [D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American________. [A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market [B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises [C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions [D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 53. What can be inferred from the passage? [A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. [B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. [C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. [D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 54. The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________. [A] turning of the business cycle [B] restructuring of industry [C] improved business management [D] success in education 参考答案:CDBA 2000年考研英语阅读真题及答案1的延伸阅读——2016年考研考生择校须知 一、招生人数 一般情况下招生单位各专业的招生人数变化不会很大。近几年，研究生的规模一直在扩大，招生人数总趋势当然也是在上涨。具体到招生单位，基本也是在小幅度上涨。缩减招生名额甚至撤销某个专业的情形很少发生。 二、报考人数 一般情况当年的报考人数一般看不到，只能看到前几年的数据。不过这些也足以判断出某个学院专业的竞争激烈程度。如果报考人数太多，推免的也不少，留给统考生的机会相对较少，那么该专业竞争很激烈。难度无疑大了很多。 三、录取人数 录取人数指的是复试完最终的录取人数。这个与前一年公布的“招生人数”可能有些出入。特别是一些名校的热门专业，竞争激烈难度大。如果碰到生源特别好，那么也有可能扩招几个名额。所以，机会总是有的，关键是看考生的综合实力和表现。 四、报考和录取比例 真实的报考人数和录取人数作对比，就得出每年的招生报录比。这是一个很重要的数据，是衡量某个专业报考热度的核心指标。如果报录比一直居高不小，说明该专业持续很热。如果忽大忽小，这就说明存在大小年现象。 五、推免人数 高校招生目录中只说明推免总人数，具体到各个专业有多少人不得而知。考生在选择报考院校时要把这一因素考虑进去。 六、复试分数线 复试线的重要性是不言而喻的。大部分招生单位都会公布这些数据，或者在研究生院，也有的在各自院系以通知的形式发布。高校每年一般会在3月初就公布各个院系专业的复试线。 |
