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2015年公共英语五级考试阅读材料(一)

2015-4-23 17:19| 发布者: ayman| 查看: 132| 评论: 0

摘要: 2015年公共英语五级考试阅读材料(一)   President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization seem ...

2015年公共英语五级考试阅读材料(一)

  President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.

  In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration’s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.

  THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “we’re not there yet,” according to senior officials.

  Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China’s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.

  The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on “cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.

  BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they’ve heard so far isn’t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that “the time just isn’t right” for the deal. Translation: We’re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America’s enemies. Beijing’s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won’t help, either.

  Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won’t be easy. And Republicans-with a wink-say that they’ll eventually embrace China’s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling.

  2015年公共英语五级考试阅读材料(一)的延伸阅读——公共英语考前心理调整方法

  抑制法:有许多学生在临考前总担心怯场,怕自己会紧张。对此,考生可用抑制法来避免怯场或走神。其原理是,当大脑中一组神经元

受到刺激后,会发出兴奋去刺激大脑皮层,产生思维活动。同时,它又会发出另一种兴奋,去抑制其他神经元的活动。运用抑止法的具体方

法是,当考生拿到试卷后,只需冷静地思考试卷上的题目,不需多久,这种怯场或走神的心理干扰就自然会被抑止,进而调整机体步入最佳

状态来完成考试。

  睡眠法:有些考生一接到试卷,由于昨夜不足,身体欠佳,或者因为怯场,导致发挥失常。此时不妨即卧在桌上,休息3至5分钟,以达

到镇静的效果。这样做有利于中枢神经的协调,还能消除疲劳、紧张,使情绪稳定,思路敏捷。结果,使机体竞技状态从低谷走向高峰。

  牧羊法:有一些考生拿到试卷后,便忧心忡忡,导致植物神经系统紊乱,使交感神经系统过度紧张,迷走神经过度抑制。这时,考生可

让思路象牧羊一样,任其在大草原上畅游。这样,有利于植物神经协调,从而摆脱困境,顺利迎考。

  化简法:以往,有很多优秀的考生一拿到试卷,就先把简单的试题消灭掉,再一步步地解决化简疑难的问题。因为一旦把简单的试题完

成后,就能有效地稳定情绪,活跃思路,迅速提高反应能力。

  精神致胜法:怯场既产生于精神方面的原因,就必须依靠精神的力量来解决。考生要利用机体的调节系统,通过意念、言语改变中枢神

经系统的兴奋性。如可以多次做深呼吸,双眼凝视一个目标,暗暗地对自己说“要冷静,不要紧张”,“我能考得很好”,“我不会做的题

别人也不会”等等,以强化意志,战胜紧张。

  转移放松法:考生可采用转移注意力的方法,立即停止答卷。或者伏在桌上休息片刻,或者活动一下手、脚、头等部位,放松一下自己

,也可请求监考老师批准出门喝口水或上厕所,通过暂时改变活动内容和环境,重新调整好情绪。如果因为遇到难题发慌,可先改做它题。


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