2014年考研英语真题及答案:Section 2 Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1 In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency." George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, inroduced the "upfront work search" sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "There first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he4 claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Rellay? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always : a job. But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining rhe unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 21. George Osborue’s scheme was intended to [A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. [B]encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking. [C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. [D]guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits. 22. The phrase “to sign on “most probably means [A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. [B]to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance. [C]to register for an allowance form the government. [D]to attend a government job-training program. 23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? [A]A desire to secure a better life for all [B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed. [C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel [A]uneasy [B]enraged [C]insulted [D]guilty 25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree? [A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness. [B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. [C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs. [D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional. 参考答案： 21 B22 C23 A24 A25 B 2014年考研英语真题及答案:Section 2 Reading Comprehension的延伸阅读——考研英语应用文写作技巧 研究生入学考试应用文的写作要求是根据所给的场景写出 100字左右的文章，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。下面我简单地介绍一下这几种应用文的写作技巧。 首先是私人和公务信函。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。信函是很重要的一种应用文。 所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情，是四级考试中常见的一种信函。研究生英语考试中常考的是公共信函，所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。 信函一般都是由写信时间，信内地址，称呼，信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写。姓名写在地址上面。地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加 Mr., Mrs., Dear 等比较尊敬的称呼。 信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如: sincerely yours, faithfully yours或者 yours sincerely, yours faithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。 正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用 would, could, may, please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则。不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。 备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语，和署名，备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的?写给谁?什么事?并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。 接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种，一种是文章摘要，一种是论文摘要。文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要，文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括，内容上要涵盖全文，语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文，弄懂文章大意;摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致;摘要应该简明扼要，字数在规定的字数范围内;摘要最好不要照搬原文，应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点;并且注意千万不要照抄，也千万不要评论，只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文，硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程，多采用一般过去时;说明某课题现已取得的成果，宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型，比如表示研究目的，可以用 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is……，表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用The authors[suggest/conclude/consider] that……。 最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括，与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同，读书报告也要注意时态，比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间?谁写的?写给谁?什么事? |
