2014年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解1真题及答案

　　四、阅读理解

　　A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

　　Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years,found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

　　They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading.They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity.Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

　　Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study,said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.

　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

　　She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

　　31. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage______EXCEPT_______

　　A. breathing exercise

　　B.regular walking

　　C.recreational activity

　　D.lifestyle choices

　　32. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

　　A. women have fewer chances of physical activity

　　B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

　　C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

　　D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

　　33. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

　　A. head of the survey study

　　B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

　　C. chair of the American Cancer Society

　　D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

　　34. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

　　B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

　　C. Walking was the only recreational acitivity for about half of the women

　　D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women

　　35. The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

　　A. continuable

　　B. affordable

　　C. available

　　D. Persistent

　　答案：ABACA

2014年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解1真题及答案的延伸阅读——2016年职称英语考试备考经验之考试六大误区

　　误区一：职称英语考试很简单，因为只考阅读，不考语法和词汇。

　　职称英语的确是只考查阅读而不直接考语法和词汇，但这并不等于不懂英语语法和不认识基本英语词汇就可以通过考试。职称英语考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力，要求应试者对指定的考查文章做出阅读判断、概括段落大意、补全句子或文章所缺内容及正确理解文章内容而选出正确答案。尤其是阅读理解部分的测试，含盖了对应试者六大能力的考查，而不仅仅是对所读内容的字面理解。阅读是建立在基本语法知识的掌握和基础词汇的认知上，没有扎实、系统的语法知识，如何理清文章中句子之间的繁杂关系呢?没有一定数量的基础词汇，又如何能弄懂由词汇组成的句子呢?由此可见，阅读理解能力的考查实际是对应试者职称英语综合能力包括语法、词汇、阅读、判断、理解、逻辑推理和中心概括等的测试，是一种难度较高的能力测试。

　　误区二：职称英语考试可以带词典进考场，因此不需要记单词。

　　一本词典可以搞定一场考试，可能吗?且不说在考场上你是否有时间或有心情将不认识的单词一个个都查出来，单是考试阅读文章题材涉及方方面面，形式复杂，内容多样，一本词典的词汇量岂能覆盖所有?不如说，一本词典在手参加考试对应试者来说只是一种心理上的安慰和依赖，如果平时不注意记忆词汇、积累基本词汇，只靠一本词典去闯考场是注定通不过的。

　　误区三：考试内容在教材上占一定比例，只要把教材内容背熟就能通过考试。

　　众所周知，职称英语配有一本指定教材，每年都有一定比例的试题出自该教材上。但最近几年，考试出题越来越灵活，而教材上内容原封不动地搬到考卷上的情况几乎不存在了，试题多多少少被进行了改动。因此，不吃透教材而完全靠背答案或文章段落来应付考试是不可行的。

　　误区四：只需复习所报专业、级别的职称英语文章就可以了。

　　职称英语教材分为综合、理工和卫生三个类别，其中，理工和卫生教材中综合类和专业类的文章各占50%(近几年，专业类文章有增多的趋势)。每个类别的教材中又将文章按不同的难度等级分为ABC三个级别。对考生来说，单复习自己所考类别和级别的文章是不够的，这几年考试中，综合类文章出现在理工和卫生的试卷上及各级别串考的现象屡见不鲜。因此，考生在复习时还应该扩大复习范围，做到“横向覆盖，上下贯通”。

　　误区五：每年教材中都有一部分新增加的内容替换掉旧内容，只要掌握了新增内容，考试就没有问题。

　　不错，每年教材中是有一部分新增加的内容而替换掉以往考过或过时的文章，这些新增加的内容也是本年度考查的重点。但这并不是说只要把新增内容和答案背下来就算拿到了这部分分数。教材中的内容在考试中所占的比例毕竟是少数，每年约30%，另外的70%为教材以外的测试内容，那么，这一大部分内容怎样才能把握住呢?其实，我们只要明白教材和大纲是我们复习和准备考试的指引方向，就不难理解30%和70%之间的关系了。教材上的文章新旧都不重要，重要的是我们在弄清了文章的意思和相配的练习后，应该对文章类型、提问方式、测试重点、题型和难度做一个深度的分析，那么教材外的那70%必定就在我们的掌控中了。

　　误区六：职称英语考试不需要复习，临时掌握答题技巧就可以应付。

　　任何知识都有其系统性和完整性。而所谓的答题技巧，则是在熟练、系统、完整地掌握所学知识的基础上总结出的规律和公式。对知识的掌握越深入和熟练，这种技巧的总结也就越丰富和灵验。因此，跳过基础知识的学习，而一味强调答题技巧，则好比是在架空的钢丝上行走，战战兢兢还心里没底，这样的复习容易走偏，非但起不到好的复习效果，反而会对职称英语产生歪曲的认识和误解。