2015年考研英语一真题:Section II Reading ComprehensionPart C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. (47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. (49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” Thecolonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 2015年考研英语一真题:Section II Reading ComprehensionPart C的延伸阅读——考研英语翻译高分技巧 一、省略 为了使译文"忠实而通顺"，需要在理解原文省略成分的基础上，根据汉语表达习惯，对省略部分予以补充或灵活处理。英文的省略一般遵循以下两个重要原则：(1)上下文已提供明确信息而不必出现的成分，可以省略;(2)前面已出现的成分，省略后不致引起误解或歧义的，可以省略。 二、分割 词语或句子成分的分割，也是英语中常见的语言习惯之一。分割是指本属于一体、应该紧密相连的词语或者句子成分被其他词语或成分隔离开来的语法现象。在被分割的部分中，有一部分仍留在原来的位置，而另一部分则远离其所属的位置。常见的分割有两种情况：句子成分的分割和词语的分割。句子成分的分割主要包括以下几种情况：主语与谓语的分割、谓语与宾语的分割、同位语或同位语从句与其先行词的分割、定语或定语从句与其先行词的分割等。词语的分割主要是指动词或名词与其所要求的介词、介词与其宾语的分割等。 三、从句 英语中大量存在从句，是构成英语复杂句子结构的主要单位。按照其在句子中所作的成分，英语中的从句可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句，其中的前四种又统称为名词性从句。一般而言，大部分从句可以按照它所作的成分来直接翻译;但是，有些从句在句中的逻辑关系并不一定与其形式上的功能作用相吻合，比如定语从句，它不仅仅是所修饰词的定语，有时还与被修饰词之间存在原因、目的、结果或条件等逻辑关系。对于这样的从句，汉译时需要按照其在句子中的逻辑关系来处理，而不能按照表面的形式功能来处理。同时，对于部分从句的连接词，可以根据汉语的需要省略不译，以避免?嗦。另外，必要时，要根据汉语思维方式和表达习惯，适当地调整原句中主句和从句的顺序。 四、"否定"处理 否定是英汉两种语言都具有的一种语法现象，但两者在表达否定意义的方式和手段上有很大的差异。英语中的否定形式很多，常见的有：(1)全部否定;(2)部分否定;(3)双重否定;(4)形式上肯定，实际上否定;(5)形式上否定，实际上肯定;(6)否定转移;(7)排除否定;(8)固定句型结构;等等。英译汉时，对于英语中的否定结构，要从否定词本身的意义、否定词的否定范围、具体的语境等方面予以综合考虑，否则可能造成误解和句意翻译的错误。此外，对于某些否定结构，还可以使用正义反译或反义正译的方法予以处理。 |
