2014考研英语(二)倒计时逻辑关系题最后冲刺策略
就完型这部分而言，复习相对简单。考生只需把历年真题做透，掌握必要的做题方法和技巧即可。那么，要做到在考试中，拿到尽可能高的一个分数，冲刺复习阶段咱们的考生需要做些什么呢? 我们首先要谈到的一种题型为逻辑关系题，这个题型建议考生放在最前面复习，原因有两点：其一，逻辑关系题每年出题数目为 2-6 道，考生无需看懂整篇文章即可做题(只需看懂题目所在句或此句与前一句的逻辑关系即可)且只要用一定方法就能做对;其二，对于只打算花几分钟时间做完型又想拿到一定分数的考生来说，逻辑关系题具有重大意义，考生只需把逻辑关系题做完，然后利用“答案平均分布”规律即可将完型的分数最大化。如，逻辑关系题考 5 道，考生花 5 分钟的时间做完，答案为 AABBC(计 2.5 分) ，其它答案考生都填 D(属于 D 选项的分数为 2.5 分) ，加起来总计分数为 5 分，也就是说，5 分钟的时间做对 5 道题，考生即可拿到 5 分的分数(历年完型平均分为 3.3 分) 。当然，我们打算在完型这个题型拿更多分数的同学，可以利用完型文章主线控制全文的特征使用同现复现结构、对应成分分析、总分对照结构、关联结构等其它方法继续做题，最后利用“答案平均分布”规律将分数最大化。如，考生做对 15 道题(计 7.5 分) ，答案中 D 选项最少，只选了两个，那么其它 5 个选项考生都填 D(属于 D 选项的答案还有三个，计 1.5分) ，那么考生能拿到的总的分数为 9 分(多拿到 1.5 分) 。 逻辑关系题对于完型的重要性不言而喻，具体如何复习呢。请考生首先把历年逻辑关系题的题目都圈出来(识别方式为表示逻辑关系的逻辑词，如but, although, if, because 等) ? 2012 年：2、 11、20 ? 2011 年：1、6、11、13、20 ? 2010 年：7、12、15、18 ? 2009 年：15、17、18 ? 2008 年：5、14 ? 2007 年：9、12 ? 2006 年：1、7、11、14、18 ? 2005 年：1、5、6、9、16、20 ? 2004 年：22、25、27、34、40 ? 2003 年：24、28、35、38 做题时，先弄清楚考察的是哪一种逻辑关系，确定逻辑关系后再去选项中直接挑属于这种逻辑关系的逻辑词(这种方法省时省力，因为直接看选项会掉入命题人的语义陷阱中去，分析干扰项费时费力，且效率低下) 。考察逻辑关系的空一般有以下四种考察形式： 1. 逻辑词位于句首，其后为逗号隔开的两个小分句，考生需分析这两个小分句之间的逻辑关系; 2. 逻辑词位于句首，其后为一个完整的句子，考生需分析逻辑词所在的句子与前一句的逻辑关系; 3. 逻辑词位于句中，其后为逻辑词隔开的两个意群或小分句，考生需分析这两个意群或小分句之间的逻辑关系; 4. 逻辑词位于段首，其后为一个完整的句子，考生需分析逻辑词所在的句子与上一段落最后一个意群之间的逻辑关系。 了解完考察形式，接着分析逻辑关系。完型考察的逻辑关系基本有十大类，以下是一个总结，考生需对各个逻辑关系的标志词熟知，以便考试时可以快速判断，做出选项。 并列关系： 标志词：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; as well as, same…as; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; 递进关系： 标志词：also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; apart from;above all 因果关系： 标志词： because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason; 转折关系： 标志词：but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast; in contrast; conversely; instead ; rather ; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately; 让步关系： 标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as; 列举关系 标志词 first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others; 对比关系 标志词 while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but; 时间关系 标志词 when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time; 条件关系 标志词 if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with; 举例关系 标志词 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely. 总结：完型题型看似极难极乱，其实是考研题型中最简单的一个题型，且有规律可循。我们可以运用这几种方法： 1.无关词排除法 完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中 心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。 2.同现 同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是 一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。 3.复现 复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。 4.关联 关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。 5.时间线索 若完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。 6.总分结构对照分析法 由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。 7.对应成分分析法 由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系，考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索，通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。
2014考研英语(二)倒计时逻辑关系题最后冲刺策略的延伸阅读— —2014考研英语作文必背十大模板
考研英语作文，你是选择背模板还是提升英语写作自己写?两方面见解相持不下，不过对于英语复习时间不够充足和备考时间不够的同学，模板想必是少不了的。 1. 图画作文 It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)， which is ______________(进一步的说明)。 He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。 In my opinion， ___________(个人阐述)。 This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。 Therefore， it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。 One the one hand， we must _________________(建议一)。 It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。 On the other hand， ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。 2. 图表作文 The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。 The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。 This means that as __________， _________________(进一步说明)。 We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。 After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)， the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。 The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。 (数据位置，如In the second column)， we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。 The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。 / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议) 3. 利弊型作文 Recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. There are two major arguments that can be made for_________. For one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一)。 For another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。 But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 For instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 In addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点) When asked to __________， I tend to ____________. This is because I _______________(原因一)。 Furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 Finally， ______________(原因三)。 4. 展望未来型 The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.First ， __________________(影响一)。 More importantly， ________________(影响二)。 Hence， I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless， I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望) There are numerous reasons why ____， and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 In addition， we all aGREe that________________________(第二个原因) 5. 告示 You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement. Chinese-Speaking Contest January 19， 2008 To improve students„ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities， the Students‟ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (26 January) at the Students„ Auditorium. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest. the Students„ Union Department of Chinese Language and Literature 6. 职业道德 the cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business. In the first drawing， a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods. In the second picture， the administrative office， salesmen， breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck. Professional dishonesty has a very damaging effect. In the first place， since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it， the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society. In the second place， it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitive disadvantage， encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later， but undermines the very foundation of professional ethics in business. It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case. But it is worthwhile. For one thing， to eliminate professional dishonesty thoroughly， serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from business—should be applied. For another， since the incentives to engage in cheating in business are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions， drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another. 7. 投诉信 Directions： You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons. Dear Sir or Madam， I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester， as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate„s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing， his friends are constantly visiting him; for another， he regularly holds noisy parties. To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut， I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will aGREe that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own. Therefore， I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me， preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely， Li Ming 8. 网络问题 In recent years， people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is vividly depicted in the picture， it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line， either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work„s needs. Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life. However， it seems rath er ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture. The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet. Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people„s chats. On the one hand， no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. But on the other hand， a GREat many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle. Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions. Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work. Accordingly， it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. For one thing， college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news， to study English by registering for web courses， to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music， FLASH， film and pictures. Being veteran on-line shoppers， they frequently purchase books， CDs at much lower prices. For another， once indulged in the fictitious world， people can barely concentrate on real life. Consequently， many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday， skipping many essential classes. After all， Internet is invented to enrich our life， to connect you and me， and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain. 9. 环境问题 the pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe. In the first cartoon， a man is scorching the earth on a chimney. In the second one， a famous ancient Chinese poet， Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory. We are informed that “the autumn river is the same color with the sky”。 the drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution. There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization， proGREss and development. Unfortunately， as industry develops， so will the number of factories， and the amount of industry pollutants. We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in order to obtain a little material gain. As a consequence， it is imperative for us to take drastic actions. On the one hand， the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water so as to prevent them from polluting our planet. On the other hand， there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm actions against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories. 10. 提纲式议论文 Directions： A. Title： Air Travel B. Time limit： 40 minutes C. Word limit： about 200 words D. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. E. Your essay should be based on the information given below. 现在许多人愿意乘飞机旅行。随着我国民航事业的迅速发展，全国各大城市兴建了许多现代化的机场。乘飞机旅行有许多长处(方便、快捷、省时、舒适等);但是，空中旅行也有许多不足之处(机票价格贵，有的旅客不适应空中旅行，常常感到身体不适，甚至有人还担心发生空难)。请你简单阐述上述两个方面。最后请你说明你的看法。 ( Composition for reference only ) Many people prefer to travel by air. This is because air travel has some advantages. In the first place， airplane， the miracle created by man， is the fastest means of transport. It takes the least time for one to travel by air from one place to another. Secondly， traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate. They look after passengers all the way to their destinations. Moreover， on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain themselves. As a popular saying goes， “Everything has two sides .” The same is true of air travel. It has some disadvantages， too. For one thing， air travel costs a GREat deal. The average Chinese are not rich enough to afford expensive air fares. So they prefer to take trains， which save a lot of money. For another， although passengers are assured of their safety， they are still worried about it during the journey because flying always involves more or less risk. As far I am concerned ， the advantage mentioned above exceed the disadvantages. If I were given choice between traveling by train， I would certainly prefer the former. For me， time is money and it is the most important thing I have to take into consideration whatever I do. (216 words) |
