2014考研英语(二)倒计时阅读理解最后提分技巧
阅读基本方法有 3 种，一是略读，二是精读(scrutinizing)，三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。 精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中 3 种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读，我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 不少考生常常提出这样一个问题：做阅读理解题是先读文章还是先读后面的问题呢?我们认为，答案因人而异。英语水平较高，阅读速度较快的考生可以先通读短文，一边阅读一边思考文章的主旨大意, 理解文章的细节, 基本理解原文之后再看考题及选项并做出选择，遇上个别无把握的题时再回头查阅短文的相关部分，仔细推敲定夺，以求准确无误得高分。但这种方法只适合那些有能力获取优异成绩的考生，其优点是对文章有一个总的概念和印象，缺点是，费时间，对文章的细节记不清楚。对于大多数考生来说，考试的时间较为紧迫，我们建议使用以下几个步骤： 第一步：略读短文 把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文，特别留意每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。 第二步：浏览问题，有的放矢 浏览 5 个问题，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已有所了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反应并覆盖了文章内容的主干。先阅读问题再阅读全文，这种方法的优点是：可在较短的时间内有针对性地阅读相关内容，便于给相关问题定位，有的放矢，事半功倍。 第三步：分析判断 确定答案 在完成上面两步的基础上，对 5 个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是：要是文章内容涉及你所熟悉的题材和知识范畴，在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力，而不是你的某种知识，因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。 对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说，我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有 5 道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解，然后逐一解答。先寻读文章的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题，可先放一放，等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易，各个击破。 另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语(主题句，关键词)下面划线，标上符号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于阅读，节省时间，使阅读更加积极。并且对于记忆力稍差的考生而言，记住几个重要句子和信息要比记住全文容易得多了。所以，我们建议对、阅读文章中的主要句子和关键词标出记号并重点阅读。 1、阅读考试中碰到不认识的生词怎么办? 考生最害怕在阅读中碰到生词，而在阅读时，遇到生僻的单词是不可避免的。如果一见到生词就不知所措，就必然会影响到对文章的理解。如果遇到这种情况，可以根据情况用不同的方法来解决问题。要是不认识的生词对理解文章的关系不大，就可以跳过去不管它。譬如这样一例：Some birds canswim on the water. A few, like the penguin and puffin, can also swim under water. 我们只需知道 penguin 和 puffin 是两种鸟就行了，不必将它们的具体名称弄个一清二楚。 当然，如果遇到的生词影响到了你对文章的理解，特别是作为考点出现在问题里，就要试着根据上下文、构词法或从句中认识的词中去猜测生词的意思，尽可能通过邻近你所熟悉的词的关系来了解该词在句中的作用和词义。 2、如何猜测不认识的词语? 在阅读文章的过程中，考生面临最大的问题是遇到不认识的单词或短语，或者认识的单词在文章中有了新的含义。如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解，考生便可以将它们略过，不中断阅读。如果这些词语的意思对正确理解文章很重要，就必须根据上下文的联系，根据构词法或其他方法对它们的意义进行猜测，使之不影响对整篇文章的理解。猜测词义通常可采用以下几种方法。 1. 利用上下文确定词义 2. 利用构词法确定词义 3. 利用语法知识确定词义 4. 根据同义、反义关系确定词义 5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义
2014考研英语(二)倒计时阅读理解最后提分技巧的延伸阅读— —2014考研英语作文必背十大模板
考研英语作文，你是选择背模板还是提升英语写作自己写?两方面见解相持不下，不过对于英语复习时间不够充足和备考时间不够的同学，模板想必是少不了的。 1. 图画作文 It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)， which is ______________(进一步的说明)。 He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。 In my opinion， ___________(个人阐述)。 This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。 Therefore， it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。 One the one hand， we must _________________(建议一)。 It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。 On the other hand， ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。 2. 图表作文 The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。 The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。 This means that as __________， _________________(进一步说明)。 We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。 After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)， the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。 The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。 (数据位置，如In the second column)， we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。 The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。 / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议) 3. 利弊型作文 Recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. There are two major arguments that can be made for_________. For one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一)。 For another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。 But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 For instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 In addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点) When asked to __________， I tend to ____________. This is because I _______________(原因一)。 Furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 Finally， ______________(原因三)。 4. 展望未来型 The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.First ， __________________(影响一)。 More importantly， ________________(影响二)。 Hence， I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless， I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望) There are numerous reasons why ____， and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 In addition， we all aGREe that________________________(第二个原因) 5. 告示 You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement. Chinese-Speaking Contest January 19， 2008 To improve students„ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities， the Students‟ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (26 January) at the Students„ Auditorium. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest. the Students„ Union Department of Chinese Language and Literature 6. 职业道德 the cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business. In the first drawing， a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods. In the second picture， the administrative office， salesmen， breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck. Professional dishonesty has a very damaging effect. In the first place， since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it， the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society. In the second place， it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitive disadvantage， encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later， but undermines the very foundation of professional ethics in business. It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case. But it is worthwhile. For one thing， to eliminate professional dishonesty thoroughly， serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from business—should be applied. For another， since the incentives to engage in cheating in business are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions， drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another. 7. 投诉信 Directions： You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons. Dear Sir or Madam， I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester， as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate„s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing， his friends are constantly visiting him; for another， he regularly holds noisy parties. To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut， I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will aGREe that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own. Therefore， I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me， preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely， Li Ming 8. 网络问题 In recent years， people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is vividly depicted in the picture， it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line， either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work„s needs. Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life. However， it seems rath er ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture. The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet. Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people„s chats. On the one hand， no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. But on the other hand， a GREat many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle. Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions. Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work. Accordingly， it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. For one thing， college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news， to study English by registering for web courses， to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music， FLASH， film and pictures. Being veteran on-line shoppers， they frequently purchase books， CDs at much lower prices. For another， once indulged in the fictitious world， people can barely concentrate on real life. Consequently， many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday， skipping many essential classes. After all， Internet is invented to enrich our life， to connect you and me， and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain. 9. 环境问题 the pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe. In the first cartoon， a man is scorching the earth on a chimney. In the second one， a famous ancient Chinese poet， Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory. We are informed that “the autumn river is the same color with the sky”。 the drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution. There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization， proGREss and development. Unfortunately， as industry develops， so will the number of factories， and the amount of industry pollutants. We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in order to obtain a little material gain. As a consequence， it is imperative for us to take drastic actions. On the one hand， the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water so as to prevent them from polluting our planet. On the other hand， there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm actions against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories. 10. 提纲式议论文 Directions： A. Title： Air Travel B. Time limit： 40 minutes C. Word limit： about 200 words D. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. E. Your essay should be based on the information given below. 现在许多人愿意乘飞机旅行。随着我国民航事业的迅速发展，全国各大城市兴建了许多现代化的机场。乘飞机旅行有许多长处(方便、快捷、省时、舒适等);但是，空中旅行也有许多不足之处(机票价格贵，有的旅客不适应空中旅行，常常感到身体不适，甚至有人还担心发生空难)。请你简单阐述上述两个方面。最后请你说明你的看法。 ( Composition for reference only ) Many people prefer to travel by air. This is because air travel has some advantages. In the first place， airplane， the miracle created by man， is the fastest means of transport. It takes the least time for one to travel by air from one place to another. Secondly， traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate. They look after passengers all the way to their destinations. Moreover， on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain themselves. As a popular saying goes， “Everything has two sides .” The same is true of air travel. It has some disadvantages， too. For one thing， air travel costs a GREat deal. The average Chinese are not rich enough to afford expensive air fares. So they prefer to take trains， which save a lot of money. For another， although passengers are assured of their safety， they are still worried about it during the journey because flying always involves more or less risk. As far I am concerned ， the advantage mentioned above exceed the disadvantages. If I were given choice between traveling by train， I would certainly prefer the former. For me， time is money and it is the most important thing I have to take into consideration whatever I do. (216 words) |
