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2013年口腔执业医师药理学辅导:抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药

2012-11-2 10:52| 发布者: bjangel| 查看: 3921| 评论: 74

摘要: 2013年口腔执业医师药理学辅导:抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药  苯妥英钠(phenytoin sodium) 0.3~0.6g/次,分2~3次,或于晚上一次顿服。极量:0.3g/次,0.6g/日。癫痫持续状态:若患者未用过苯妥英钠,可用0.25~0.5g, ...
2013年口腔执业医师药理学辅导:抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药

  苯妥英钠(phenytoin sodium) 0.3~0.6g/次,分2~3次,或于晚上一次顿服。极量:0.3g/次,0.6g/日。癫痫持续状态:若患者未用过苯妥英钠,可用0.25~0.5g,加5%葡萄糖20~40ml,在6~10分钟内缓慢静脉注射。

  卡马西平(carbamazepine,酰胺咪嗪)开始剂量:100mg,2次/日,以后逐渐增至600~900mg/日或8~10mg/kg/日,分次服用。用于抗癫痫时,剂量可偏大。用于三叉神经痛等症时,剂量一般宜小,每日1.2g,常不能耐受。

  扑米酮(primidone,扑痫酮)开始0.06g,3次/日;渐增至0.25g,3次/日。每日总量不超过1.5g。

  乙琥胺(ethosuximide)儿童15~35mg/kg/日;成人0.5g,2~3次/日。

  丙戊酸钠(sodium valproate)儿童15~60mg/kg/日;成人0.6~1.8g/日,分3次服。

  氯硝西泮(clonazepam,氯硝安定)起始儿童0.01~0.03mg/kg/日;成人不超过1.5mg/日,分3次服。以后儿童每3天加0.25~0.5mg /日;成人加0.5~1mg/日。最大耐受量儿童0.2mg/kg/日;成人20mg/日。

  硝西泮(nitrazepam,硝基安定)用于婴儿痉挛和不典型小发作,0.5~1.0mg/kg/日。

  地西泮(diazepam,安定)用于癫痫持续状态,5~10mg静脉注射,间隔10~15分钟一次,最大量可至30mg.注射速度以下超过5mg/min为宜。必要时在2~4小时内重复上述方案。亦可静脉滴入,至发作仃止。

  硫酸镁(magnesium sulfate)1.25~2.5g/次,肌内注射或静脉滴注。静脉滴注时以5%葡萄糖注射液将硫酸镁稀释成1%浓度进行滴注,直至惊厥停止。使用时宜备有氯化钙或葡萄糖酸钙注射液,以备万一过量时作静脉注射对抗之。

 

2013年口腔执业医师药理学辅导:抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药的延伸阅读——医师冲关备考小窍门

 

    一、复习目的:平时认真学习是复习的基础,复习着重巩固已学的知识,明确考试范围,加强记亿,并解决一些尚不很理解的难点,疑点。平时对很多内容不理解,单纯依靠复习,是不可能取得统考合格成绩的。

    二、复习方针:应按考试大纲全面复习,重点突出,加强记亿,学员不能要求教师猜题、押题,教师不能任意缩小复习范围。

三、重点突出:所谓重点是指必须熟练掌握的内容,包括教材各章的基本概念、基本原理、基本方法;带有连惯几章的知识内容;重要的带普遍性的问题,也包括本次教材新增加的内容,实践中各种常见性错误等。>>>>>>

  


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引用 游客 2014-9-27 13:34
Posted: January 30, 2007A commercial Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket disintegrated in a fiery catastrophe aboard its oceangoing platform Tuesday, destroying a sophisticated telecommunications satellite payload in a dramatic launch pad explosion reminiscent of the space program's early days.    The Zenit 3SL rocket is destroyed in a massive explosion atop the Odyssey launch platform, as seen in video webcast live by Sea Launch. Credit: Sea Launch videoThe Ukrainian/Russian booster was igniting its main engine when the 20-story vehicle inexplicably fell, triggering a hellish fireball that engulfed the floating Odyssey platform.The live video transmission from the equatorial launch site in the Pacific Ocean was abruptly cut seconds after the first signs of trouble. Condition of the Odyssey, a converted Norwegian oil-drilling platform, was not known as of late Tuesday.A brief Sea Launch statement said that "all personnel are safe and accounted for." The platform was cleared of all workers befo ...
引用 游客 2014-9-25 20:43
Posted: February 24, 2011NOTE: GMT is +5 hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time.DockingFebruary 24, 20111137 GMT....S-1/2 hold point. Distance: 24.2 miles (39 km) behind and 3.1 miles (5 km) below space station.1223 GMT....S1 hold point. Distance: 9.6 miles (15.5 km) behind and 3.1 miles (5 km) below space station.1309 GMT....S2 hold point arrival. Distance: 2.2 miles (3.5 km) behind space station. The ATV also reaches the same altitude as the space station.1309 - 1341 GMT....Turn on external lights; KURS activation; begin using relative GPS.1341 GMT....S2 hold point departure.1351 GMT....Orbital sunrise.1421 GMT....S3 hold point arrival. Distance: 817 feet (249 m) behind space station.1421 - 1500 GMT....Activate videometer and telegoniometer instruments; ATV-CC GO/NO-GO.1447 GMT....Orbital sunset.1500 GMT....S3 hold point departure.1522 GMT....Orbital sunrise.1523 GMT....S4 hold point arrival. Distance: 62 feet (19 m) behind space station.1523 - 1538 GMT....Pointing maneuver; ATV-CC GO/ ...
引用 游客 2014-9-24 20:00
STORY WRITTEN FOR  & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: July 1, 2004; Updated at 2:10 a.m. EDTNASA's $3.3 billion Cassini probe completed a seven-year, 2.2-billion mile voyage tonight, firing its main engine for a nerve-wracking 96 minutes to successfully brake into orbit around the ringed planet Saturn.    Credit: ESAThroughout the all-or-nothing rocket firing, flight controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., could only sit and wait, monitoring events that had already taken place 934 million miles away.   At that distance, radio signals, moving at 186,000 miles per second, needed an hour and 24 minutes to complete a one-way trip between Saturn and Earth. As a result, Cassini's on-board computer was responsible for carrying out the most critical maneuver since launch Oct. 15, 1997, a maneuver that simply had to work or the mission would end in failure.   To everyone's relief, Cassini's main engine fired up on time at 10:36 p.m. EDT and shut down at 12:12 a.m., putti ...

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