新GRE高频阅读机经——14修正法案

　　The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1868, prohibits state governments from denying citizens the "equal protection of the laws." Although precisely what the framers of the amendment meant by this equal protection clause remains unclear, all interpreters agree that the framers' immediate objective was to provide a constitutional warrant for the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed the citizenship of all persons born in the United States and subject to United States jurisdiction. This declaration, which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States could be denied citizenship. The act was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who argued that the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, did not provide Congress with the authority to extend citizenship and equal protection to the freed slaves.

　　Although Congress promptly overrode Johnson's veto, supporters of the act sought to ensure its constitutional foundations with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.

　　(172 words)

　　1968年批准的美国宪法第14修正案，禁止州政府剥夺公民的“平等的法律保护”。虽然制定此平等保护法案的确切意图仍不明确，但是有所有解释均认同这点：制定者的直接目的是为1866年的《民权法》提供宪法保障。《民权法》保障所有在美国出生的人属于美国的管辖。这一声明后来在14修正法案中得以体现，主要是反对最高法院在“Dred Scott v. Sandford”案件中美国黑人可能被剥夺公民权的裁决。《民权法》被总统Andrew Johnson否决，Andrew Johnson认为：13修正案废除了奴隶制，但是没能提供国会足够的权力来扩大市民权和自由奴隶的平等保护。

　　尽管国会很快推翻了Johnson总统的否决，但是《民权法》支持者又试图确立起其宪法基础，这就有了14修正案的通过。

　　4. The author implies that the Fourteenth Amendment might not have been enacted if(作者暗示14法案如果怎样，就不会被订制?)

　　(A) Congress' authority with regard to legislating civil rights had not been challenged(如果国会立法权没有被挑战。13法案顺利执行，自然不需要定制14法案)

　　(B) the framers had anticipated the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education

　　(C) the framers had believed that it would be used in deciding cases of discrimination involving non-racial groups

　　(D) most state governments had been willing to protect citizens' civil rights

　　(E) its essential elements had not been implicit in the Thirteenth Amendment

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following most accurately indicates the sequence of the events listed below?

　　I. Civil Rights Act of 1866

　　II. Dred Scott v. Sandford

　　III. Fourteenth Amendment

　　IV. Veto by President Johnson

　　(A) I, II, III, IV

　　(B) I, IV, II, III

　　(C) I, IV, III, II

　　(D) II, I, IV, III (答案)

　　(E) III, II, I, IV

　　6. In the context in which it appears, "overrode" most nearly means

　　○A trampled (答案)

　　○B extended

　　○C annulled

　　○D neutralized

　　○E compromised

　　以上就是关于新GRE高频阅读机经——14修正法案的文章，各位考生可以进行认真阅读与分析，从中推断出出题人的出题思路，总结出新GRE阅读的解题方法。GRE阅读中文章结构的把握以及作者的态度始终是最重要的。其次是读懂文章，考生在读新GRE高频阅读机经时要时刻记住这一点。

 

新GRE高频阅读机经——14修正法案的延伸阅读——GRE阅读高分技巧

 

　　1.题目类型固定或所涉及考点为已做标记范畴

　　1)问事物之间的关系，定位到同时标记这两个事物的地方。

　　2)问作者态度，定位到有态度词标记的地方。

　　3)问事物的缺陷，直接定位到标记缺陷处。

　　4)问文章大意类的主旨题定位与TS

　　5)问全文focus的特征，首先到TS处定位。

　　6)问文章结构、段落作用、行文方法类的主旨题定位于SE。

　　7)问作者举某个例子的目的，或者作者引用一段文字为了说明什么，这类就写作用意提问的题目一般定位于例子或者引述文字的上文。

　　8)提干句以IF结尾的改进型或取非题，定位在原文缺陷处或者有unless的句子。

　　9)如果题目为EXCEPT题，可以先看看原文的标记中有没有列举内容;如果有，很可能是答案所在。

　　2.题干有特征词的题目

　　1）最高级、比较级、数字、以大写字母开头的专有名词、年代、特殊历史时期、引号、斜体字。

　　2）选项标志词与题干核心词双重定位

　　3）段落定位

这两个GRE高分阅读定位技巧是在总结了众多考生的实际经验的基础上总结出来的，非常具有实用价值。所以希望大家在考试的过程中，能加以应用。